Cultivation techniques of high-yield soybean

Soybean is an annual herb, the most important bean in the world, and one of the important food crops in China. It has been cultivated for five thousand years. So, what is high-yield soybean cultivation technology?

1. Selection of varieties

Soybean varieties with good adaptability, high yield, high quality, strong resistance and adaptability to local natural conditions were selected. Soybean has obvious effect of increasing yield in different places. The varieties planted for many years should be replaced in time. The yield can be increased by about 15% by changing seeds. In the same accumulated temperature zone, the varieties with maturity two days earlier should be selected.

II. Soil preparation and fertilization

Deep ploughing is the principle of land preparation, and it is best to use deep loosening rotary tiller to increase soil permeability and drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance. Generally, the ploughing depth is 20~30 cm. Ridging soybean soil preparation should be combined with ridging to achieve deep loosening of ridge body. Fine soil preparation, so that the upper virtual solid, flat ground. 300 kg plot per mu, 2000 kg farm manure per mu, 10 - 20 kg ternary compound fertilizer or diammonium with 15% nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, and compacted with soil cover after fertilization.

III. Seeding at the right time

(1)Seed treatment. Select sunny days before sowing, spread seeds on mats about 2 cm and turn them for 1~2 days. Select seed coating according to local diseases and insect pests and soil trace elements to ensure neat emergence and strong plants.

(2)Sowing date. When the temperature of 5 cm soil layer stably passes 10℃~ 12℃, one species is sown. When sowing soil moisture content is about 20%, it is called sufficient moisture. If moisture content is insufficient, water in time to build moisture, timely sowing.

(3)Sowing method. Equal row spacing or hole sowing, generally row spacing 40~50 cm, plant spacing 10~15 cm, 11,000 ~ 15,000 plants per mu. The sowing amount per mu of machine sowing is 4~5 kg, the sowing amount per mu of artificial sowing is 3~ 3.5 kg, and the sowing depth is about 5 cm.

(4)Suppression after sowing. Promote seed germination by absorbing water and improve emergence rate. However, when the soil moisture is large, it should be pressed late or not, so as to avoid surface hardening affecting seedling emergence.

IV. Field management

1. Check seedlings and reseeding, thinning seedlings and fixing seedlings. Soybean seedlings immediately after replanting, where more than 20 cm of the ridge should be replanted, 20 cm below the ridge can be left at both ends of double plants. Seedling height 10~20 cm, timely artificial thinning seedlings, fixed seedlings.

2. Cultivate and cultivate. Cultivate 2~3 times in the early stage of growth, remove weeds in the field in time, cultivate soil before ridge closure, prevent lodging and facilitate watering and drainage.

3. Chasing flowers and pod fertilizer. From flowering to grain filling is the period of high demand for fertilizer. Generally, 15~20 kg diammonium per mu is applied before flowering, which has obvious yield increase effect. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.15 kg/mu, urea 1 kg/mu and water 30 kg/mu mixed foliar spray can reduce flower and pod shedding.

4. Control of pests and diseases. There are generally gray spot disease (with Benzyl Propiconazole, carbendazim control), downy mildew (with metalaxyl control) and root miner (with dimethoate EC or A vitamin salt control) and so on. Pests are mainly fruit borers, aphids, etc., agricultural control and biological control should be given priority to, supplemented by chemical control. Pesticide control: generally in the branching period, 80-100 ml of low-toxicity pesticides such as insect traps are used per mu, and 30 kg of water is sprayed or sprayed when pest peaks occur.

Finally, beans mature, leaves turn yellow, seeds round and hard, harvest in time in the morning or evening to prevent pod explosion. After harvest, it should be dried and threshed in clean and pollution-free fields every day to prevent it from being rained or soaked.