Cultivation techniques of soybean

Soybean is one of the most important food crops in China, and the cultivation area and planting area are relatively wide, so what are the specific soybean cultivation techniques?

I. growth habits of soybean

Soybean is an annual herb of Leguminosae and Soybean genera, which is native to China and is now distributed in China, the United States, Brazil and other places.

The seeds began to germinate at 10-12 ℃, the optimum temperature for growth was 20-25 ℃, the optimum temperature for flowering and podding was 20-28 ℃, the pod setting was delayed at low temperature, and the plants with high temperature could not blossom when the temperature was lower than 14 ℃.

Soybean seed germination requires more moisture, and the flowering stage requires soil water content of 70%, 80%, otherwise the bud shedding rate will increase. Soybean absorbs less than 15% of the total fertilizer before flowering, while the flowering and podding stage accounts for more than 80% of the total fertilizer absorption.

2. Cultivation techniques of soybean

1. Fertilize the land deeply at first, and then sow it reasonably.

Fertilization method:

In general, the fertilizer species are separated and applied 4-5 cm below the seed side, and the amount of chemical fertilizer can be adjusted. When diammonium phosphate is applied more than 20 kg per 667 square meters, it can be applied layer by layer: the depth of upper seed fertilizer is 5-7 cm, the amount of fertilizer application is 1 cm, and the depth of base fertilizer is 10-16 cm, and the amount of fertilizer application is 2 cm.

Or after the previous crop harvest, spread the fermented organic fertilizer evenly on the surface, and then rake the fertilizer into the soil, dung and soil are fully mixed and turned deeply, and the bottle is raked and ridged, and soybeans can also be planted flat.

Sowing points for attention:

Sowing soybeans in summer can be sown as long as the soil moisture is suitable after wheat harvest. The best sowing date is from June 10 to 25, no later than the first ten days of July at the latest.

Turn over according to the previous crops, the depth is 22-25 cm, do not afford large clods, do not come out of the bar, block, to buckle strict, not heavy, leakage. After soil preparation, the soil water content (dry soil weight%) should be about 22% when sowing, so as to ensure that the seeds absorb water and sprout normally. It is best to choose the right stubble, not heavy, stubble planting.

2. Field management should be carried out after sowing, including hoeing, weeding, soil preparation, reasonable watering and topdressing.

Hoe: hoe everywhere before the first compound leaf, so as to clean the seedling grass, do not hurt the seedling, loosen the topsoil. When the seedling height is about 10 cm, the second intertillage should be carried out so that the seedlings will not be hurt, the seedlings will not be pressed, and the grass will not leak. About 10 days after the second ploughing, the third time should be carried out to achieve deep loosening and more soil application.

Weeding: weeding and weeding before and after seedlings. The commonly used herbicides are Pushte and Guangmianling.

Soil preparation: the rice field is divided into compartments after ploughing, with a width of 2-3 meters, row spacing of 3 meters and hole spacing of 0.33 meters. There are 2-3 seeds per hole, and the density is about 30,000 plants per mu.

Watering: for plots with poor soil moisture and irrigation conditions, you can irrigate once before sowing to facilitate seed germination after sowing. Field closed weeding was carried out combined with irrigation.

Topdressing: reasonable fertilization according to the growth of soybean, generally using magnesium phosphate fertilizer as cover fertilizer, urea as topdressing at early flowering stage, etc.

3. It is necessary to prevent diseases and insect pests during the growing period of soybean, so that soybean can grow better.

The common diseases and insect pests are gray spot, downy mildew, rash and so on.