Common propagation methods of flowers

There are many kinds of flowers in nature, and it needs certain breeding methods to grow more flowers. What are the common breeding methods of flowers?

Common propagation methods of flowers

Flower reproduction is divided into sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction is mainly seed reproduction, asexual reproduction has ramet, cutting, striping, grafting.

1. Seed propagation

Seed propagation is generally carried out in spring and autumn, which can be cultivated in the open field or sown in pots. Generally speaking, it is necessary to select the appropriate planting soil according to the flower varieties, and at the same time, it is necessary to awaken the seeds and accelerate germination before sowing to improve the germination rate.

2. Ramet propagation

Ramet propagation is mostly used for the reproduction of persistent-rooted herbaceous plants, sometimes for the renewal of old plants, and the ramet method is often used to promote the growth of new plants. Ramet propagation can be divided into the following categories:

① root class: if the root of the marble flower is hypertrophic and the bud germinates in many places on the rhizome, the root tuber can be cut (must be accompanied by a bud) and planted in another place, that is, to propagate into a new plant.

② bulbs: the stems are shortened and thickened and become oblate or globular, such as tulips, gladiolus, freesia, evening jade and so on. The natural meristematic bulbs on the bulb were divided and planted to cultivate new plants. Generally speaking, very small balls cannot blossom in the first year and blossom only in the second year.

③ rhizome: a large underground rhizome buried horizontally, such as canna and bamboo, on each long stem is cut open with a sharp knife and replanted with 3-4 buds.

④ perennial root plants: tufted perennial root plants can propagate in spring and autumn because of their large clumps after planting for three or four years, or after planting in 2023. Dig out or combine to turn the basin, the root system is naturally separated in many places, generally divided into 2-3 clumps, each with 2-3 main branches, and then planted separately. Such as Hemerocallis, Iris, Chunlan and other flowers.

⑤ tufted and sprouting shrubs: the tufted shrubs and flowers are dug up in early spring or late autumn and can be divided into 2-3 plants, such as wax plum, southern bamboos, lilacs and so on. The other is the flowers and trees that are easy to produce root tillers, which are divided and planted with roots, such as asparagus, spring, peony and so on.

3. Cuttage propagation

① branch cuttings: strong branches are selected from adult plants as cuttings, which are divided into hardwood cuttings and tender cuttings because of the difference in material and time.

Hardwood cuttings: after defoliation or before sprouting in the following spring, choose the middle of the 2012 branches, which are mature and robust, full in tissue and free from diseases and insect pests, cut into cuttings of about 10 cm long and 3-4 nodes, cut close to the internodes, and cut into an oblique mouth at the upper end to facilitate drainage and insert into the soil.

Soft branch cuttage: that is, the tender branch cutting in the same year. Cut the branches 7-8 cm long, cut off the lower leaves, leave a few upper leaves, and then cut them. Such as chrysanthemum, poinsettia, geranium, begonia and so on.

Semi-hardwood cuttings: mainly evergreen flowers and trees in the growing period. Take the tip of the current year's semi-mature branch about 8 cm, remove the lower leaves and leave two upper leaves, and insert them into the soil, such as sweet-scented osmanthus, rose, etc.

② leaf cuttings: that is, plant leaves are used as cuttings, which are generally used for plants with strong regeneration ability. It can be divided into whole leaf cuttage and partial leaf cuttage. When cutting with leaves with petioles, it is easy to take root. The root of leaf insertion has leaf margin, leaf vein and petiole. African violets and tiger orchids can be propagated by this method.

③ leaf bud insertion: an insertion method in which a leaf bud and a few stems are attached to a leaf, between a leaf and a branch. The stem can be cut off near the bud, leaving a little longer under the bud, so that the growth potential is strong and the root is strong. Generally, the length of cuttings is 3 cm. Rubber trees, evergreen flowers and leaves, hydrangea and camellias can all be propagated by this method.

④ root cuttings: using roots as cuttings to propagate new seedlings, it is only suitable for the species where new shoots can occur in the roots. Generally, the larger the root is, the stronger the regeneration ability is. The root can be cut to 5-10 cm long and inserted obliquely or horizontally to produce adventitious buds and fibrous roots, such as peony, wax plum, peony, African chrysanthemum, snow willow and persimmon.

4. Striping propagation

A method of reproducing a plant branch without leaving its mother in the buried soil. It is mainly used for flowers that are difficult to root by cuttings, such as wax plum, sweet-scented osmanthus, fragrance, Milan and so on.

① single branch crimping: take the branch close to the ground as the crimping material, make the branch buried in the soil 15 cm deep, cut the part of the branch buried in the ground, or wheel peel, the top of the branch exposed to the ground, fixed with a bamboo hook, covered with soil and pressed. Forsythia, Luohansong, Ditang, Yingchun and other commonly used this method.

② pile soil pressing: this method is mostly used for tufted flowers and trees, which can cut the aboveground parts short in the first year to promote the germination of lateral branches; in the second year, the base of each side branch will be cut to pile soil, and after rooting, they will be transplanted respectively. Spiraea, spring welcome, Admiralty and so on can be used in this method.

③ wavy striping: bend the branch to the ground, cut the branch several times, bury the cut in the soil, take root, cut and transplant, that is, a new individual. It is often used in plants with long and flexible branches.

④ high-altitude pressing: select the mature and sturdy branches of that year, peel or cut them in a ring, wrap the ring with plastic film, tie it tightly with a rope, and fill it with moss and soil with suitable humidity. When the new root grows, the film will be removed and planted into a new individual. The pressing strip is not separated from the mother, but all depends on the nutrition of the mother, so we should pay attention to burying the soil and pressing it. The time of cutting away from the mother varies according to the variety. When planting, bring soil as much as possible to protect the new roots and help to survive. This method is usually used for plants with erect plants, hard branches, not easy to bend, and not easy to produce root tillers.

5. Grafting propagation

Grafting is a method of propagating new plants by grafting part of one plant onto other plants. The branch used for grafting is called scion, the bud used is called grafting bud, the grafted plant is called rootstock, and the grafted seedling is grafted seedling. The healing tissue occurs between the scion and the rootstock, and when the scion germinates new branches and leaves, it indicates that the scion is alive, cut off the sprouting branches of the rootstock, and a new individual is formed. The rootstock should select plants of the same species or genus that are closely related to the scion, with strong adaptability and strong growth, and the scion should choose the middle branch with full growth.

When planting flowers, we need to choose the appropriate breeding method according to the variety of flowers.