High-yield cultivation techniques of Citrus

Citrus sweet with slightly sour, nutritious, is one of the common fruits. Most of them are planted in our country, so the following editor will introduce the high-yield cultivation techniques of citrus.

I. Garden site selection

The orange orchard should choose the area without obvious freezing damage, which requires deep soil layer, good drainage and ventilation, rich organic matter, convenient irrigation and convenient transportation. The elevation of hills and mountains is less than 800 meters, and the slope is less than 25 °. The southeast slope should be selected in the areas with freezing damage in winter, and the low-lying land with poor drainage and the valley where cold air is easy to stagnate cannot be built. Drainage must be paid attention to when building gentle slopes below 5 °, on both sides of rivers and rice fields.

Second, planting season

Citrus is generally planted before spring shoots germinate from late February to mid-March. The areas without frost damage in winter can be planted from October to mid-November in autumn, the survival rate is also high after the spring shoot stops growing from April to May in spring and summer, and the container seedlings can be planted in four seasons.

3. Cultivation spacing

4X6 rice is the most common distance in citrus cultivation, but at present, there is a tendency to use different planting methods to make citrus grow densely in the later stage, so the spacing of 4X3 rice and even 4X1.5 rice is often used. The planting density is usually 410 plants per hectare and 800 or even 1600 plants per hectare in the case of close planting. Dig the planting pit according to the specification of 1 × 1 meter. Weeds, garbage fertilizer, mature organic fertilizer, superphosphate and other base fertilizers were applied in the pit. It can be planted in spring or in autumn.

IV. Fertilizer and water

Oranges need to be irrigated in dry months, so they must be irrigated when the winter is dry and the temperature is above 13 degrees Celsius. In addition, dehydration is dangerous, causing the fruit to flow water to the leaves and causing the fruit to wither. In the past, furrow irrigation or sprinkler irrigation at the top of tree crown was mainly used, but sprinkler irrigation had the risk of salinization, and furrow irrigation could cause the decrease of soil air permeability. Drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation under the canopy are now preferred, with strip irrigation and part of the soil surface being kept dry.

For the young trees planted and survived last autumn, one shoot-promoting fertilizer was applied before spring shoot germination, mainly foliar spraying, supplemented by ground fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer, properly mixed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, in order to promote root growth and let young trees produce more new shoots. For adult trees, 0.2 kg urea and 0.2-0.3 kg compound fertilizer should be applied to each tree from late January to mid-February. One fertilizer should be applied before flowering, which is mainly nitrogen and properly matched with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. In the full flowering stage, boron fertilizer was sprayed and 0.3% urea solution was added for foliar spraying.

5. Shaping and pruning

According to the growth characteristics and cultivation purpose of the tree, combined with the natural conditions and the level of management technology, through certain surgical methods, the fruit tree should be adjusted into a technical measure with stable tree shape and space for growth and development. The purpose of citrus shaping and pruning is "early fruit, multi-fruit, good fruit and long fruit". The cultivation of natural happy crown shall prevail.

6. Protect flowers and fruits

From flowering to flowering, the petals are shaken in time to prevent petals from rotting and adhering to the young fruit in cloudy and rainy days, which is conducive to turning green, improving the fruit setting rate and reducing the occurrence of gray mold. In the full flowering period, flowering period, if you encounter "hot and dry wind" or "late spring cold" and other disaster weather, plant growth regulators should be selected to protect flowers and fruits.

In addition, there are many kinds of diseases and insect pests in flowering and young fruit, so it is necessary to do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Diseases and insect pests include anthracnose, scab, canker, flower bud maggots, wood lice, leaf miner, aphids, red spiders, thrips and so on.