The Director of the China Agricultural Office talks about the rural reform: the reform of the property right system is the first.

Chen Xiwen: the reform of rural property rights system is the first to promote the "separation of price and compensation" in grain pricing.

Chen Xiwen said that the principle of the next step is to separate food prices from subsidies. The current lowest price and temporary stored price, to a certain extent, combine the price with the subsidy, and the price and the subsidy should be separated in the future. Grain prices should be mainly formed by the market before the main body of the market will leap; if the market price is too low, the government can adopt appropriate policies to directly subsidize farmers, and the separation of "price compensation" should be the future trend.

Our reporter Zhou Hui reports from Beijing.

On November 4, the State Information Office held a press conference to interpret the Comprehensive implementation Plan for deepening Rural Reform.

Chen Xiwen, deputy head of the Central Rural work leading Group and director of the office, said: the "plan" is a systematic overall design of rural reform, which defines the major principles, basic direction, and bottom line of rural reform.

The whole rural reform plan focuses on five core areas, including reforming and improving the rural property rights system, innovating the management form of agriculture, reforming and improving the state's support and protection system for agriculture, and promoting the institutional mechanism for strengthening the integration of development. and strengthen the building of grass-roots organizations in rural areas and improve rural social governance.

Put the reform of property right system in the first place

Chen Xiwen said that putting the reform of the rural property rights system in the first place in the five key areas is of fundamental significance and role to the entire rural economic system.

The main part of rural collective economy is cultivated land. Chen Xiwen said that cultivated land involves hundreds of millions of farmers, and how to further clarify the property rights system of cultivated land is a big problem at present. The registration and issuance of the right to confirm the contracted management right of rural land has been tested in 12 provinces this year. As of June this year, 260 million mu of farmers' contracted farmland had clearly defined the contractual management right, and some began to issue certificates.

For the land reform that the market pays close attention to, the "Plan" makes clear the pilot ideas of rural land expropriation, collective construction land entry into the market and homestead system reform from the perspective of the top-level design of rural reform.

Chen Xiwen said that some aspects of the land system reform are in conflict with the current legal system, and with the approval of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress, pilot projects are being carried out in 33 places until the end of 2017.

Chen Xiwen said that during the pilot period, the relevant legal provisions involved in the pilot will not be implemented for the time being, and after the completion of the pilot, the state will evaluate the results of the pilot reform. After the assessment, it is determined whether to amend the law or restore the original law to implement it. Since last year, the pilot work has been deployed in 33 county-level units and is now under way.

Grain pricing: the separation of price and compensation is the trend

The "Plan" puts forward principled opinions on the formation mechanism of the entire grain reform, that is, the formation of grain prices should be close to the market, while taking into account the legitimate income of farmers.

Chen Xiwen said that the current food situation is very complicated. On the surface, first, domestic grain production has been increasing for 12 consecutive years. Second, the amount of grain imported by China has been increasing since 2010. Third, the existence of grain depots in our country is growing at present.

He analyzed the reasons and said that the first is the current lack of competitiveness of agriculture itself. The second is the protection policy that keeps food prices rising. Third, international food prices are falling. The fourth is the problem of freight transport. Fifth, the issue of exchange rate.

In September, the purchase price fell for the first time in seven years since the corn temporary storage policy was implemented. In response, Chen Xiwen said that in the past two years, the state's basic policies on three staple grains, such as wheat and rice, have maintained the price level where the lowest prices have been implemented, and the minimum purchase prices for wheat and rice implemented in 2015 have not been raised. 2016 is in the process of research. The temporary storage price of corn announced by the relevant departments in September is 0.12 yuan lower on average than that of last year, and the market price is also falling, but it is still higher than that of the international market.

Chen Xiwen said that the principle of the next step is to separate food prices from subsidies. The current lowest price and temporary stored price, to a certain extent, combine the price with the subsidy, and the price and the subsidy should be separated in the future. Grain prices should be mainly formed by the market, so that the main body of the market will be active; if the market price is too low, the government can adopt appropriate policies to directly subsidize farmers, and the separation of "price compensation" should be the future trend.

The combination of the new agricultural main body and the training of professional farmers

The problem of the aging of the rural labor force has been paid attention to in the proposal and the "Plan" of the Fifth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee.

The Program proposes to cultivate a new type of professional farmers as a strategic measure to vigorously promote agricultural modernization.

Han Jun, deputy director of the Office of the Central Rural work leading Group, said that many areas are also exploring how to solve the problem of who will farm. The most important thing is to retain some young people in rural areas, especially the middle-aged.

"how to really become an attractive profession is a difficult policy problem for agriculture, rural areas and farmers." Han Jun said that first of all, it is necessary to combine the cultivation of new agricultural subjects with the training of new professional farmers.

The resolution of the Fifth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposed that to develop various forms of appropriate scale operation of agriculture and play a leading role in the construction of modern agriculture, it is necessary to build a policy system for cultivating new types of agricultural operators.

Han Jun suggested that it is necessary to deepen rural financial reform, improve the agricultural insurance system, and so on, and the supporting systems should keep up. Let the new type of professional farmers not only cultivate the land, but also develop the tourism service industry, and then have a decent income; at the same time, agricultural vocational education should also keep up.

Han Jun mentioned a group of survey data from Jiangsu Province that surprised him. "5% of universities are willing to go back to rural agriculture and 6% of them are willing to go back to rural areas," Han said.

"if it's less than 1%, it's a problem." He said.