Cultivation techniques of foot Potato

Foot potato is named because its underground tuber is flat and similar to the soles of the feet, and it has strong adaptability and wide planting range, so it is very suitable for planting. So what are the cultivation techniques of foot potato?

I. Propagation methods

1. Method of seed potato cutting and breeding: when harvested last year, tubers with strong growth, slender size, few fibrous roots, smooth skin and no trauma were selected and stored in the cellar after drying for 2 days. before planting the next year, the seed potatoes were evenly cut into two long pieces. then cross-cut into small pieces of about 5cm, 10cm and 100g, make sure that each tuber has bud holes, and then cover the cut side of each piece with plant ash. And put it in the sun for 1-2 hours, then hang it indoors for 1-3 days, wait for the section to heal before sowing, to prevent the incision from rotting and promote sprouting neatly. This method has the advantages of early seedling emergence, fast growth and high yield, but the propagation coefficient is low and the amount of seed used is large. If the seed expansion surface is large, it can be combined with the usual consumption of collecting potato custard (top son) for seed, that is, when eating a large amount of food, leave the potato tuber to 5 cm long, then dip the cut surface with plant ash, and store it in the cellar for seed use after drying. After 2-3 years of breeding with the above methods, the varieties are easy to degenerate, which will affect the yield, and the production is often combined with the breeding method of surplus seeds.

two。 Yuzi propagation method: Yuzi is an aerial tuber planted in the axils of vine leaves. This method of reproduction should be transplanted early to prolong its growth period as far as possible to increase yield. The yield of this method may be relatively low, but it can improve the variety. The specific method is to harvest the larger (egg size), sparse and smooth surplus seeds in indoor sand storage for the winter before the natural fall off. In the following year, when the local temperature is stable above 10 ℃, leave the leftover seeds in the sun for 2-3 hours, then put them into a heat preservation shed to accelerate budding, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled at about 25 ℃, and the buds can be planted according to the routine when the buds are 3-5 cm long.

2. Planting

From mid-late April to early May, two 8 cm planting ditches were opened in each row, then lime was sprinkled in each row to control underground pests, and the seed potatoes were arranged according to the plant spacing of 33-40 cm. Pay attention to the potato cubes facing down and the skin facing east (in the direction of sunrise), and then ridging with soil covering, the ridge height is about 10 cm, and the seedlings are planted slowly without accelerating the germination, but the roots sprout after the roots, and the roots are well developed. Grow strong.

III. Management

1. Set up a frame to draw the vine and fix the seedling to get rid of the cuteness. When the seedlings grow to 25 centimeters and 30 centimeters, use 2-meter-long miscellaneous wood straight into a separate frame or small mangosteen into a herringbone frame to support the stem vine on the shelf. Only one strong seedling was left in each plant, and all the rest were removed. If the stem vine grows too much and produces too many axillary buds, it should be removed. In July, the zero seed buds growing in the leaf axils should be erased in time in order to reduce nutrient consumption and facilitate tuber hypertrophy, except for keeping robust seeds.

two。 Ploughing and cultivating soil. There are many potato roots on the feet, and most of them are distributed on the surface. in order to avoid root damage, it is only necessary to plough once in the seedling stage and sprinkle Camellia oleifera shell between the leaves. Camellia oleifera shell is a good fertilizer, as well as grass control, soil loosening and insect control. When the stem vine grows to about 1.2 meters, cultivate the soil once with fertilization, and then cover the whole border with thatch, which can not only prevent weeds from growing and no-tillage, but also adjust temperature and humidity.

3. Fertilizer and water management. During the growth period, topdressing was applied for 3 or 4 times. Raising seedling fertilizer: combined with mid-ploughing, dig a 6-10cm fertilizer ditch between rows, apply 510kg urea every 667 square meters, cover soil and cover with Camellia oleifera shell. Strong seedling fertilizer: combined with soil cultivation, 10 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and appropriate amount of plant ash and soil fertilizer were applied per 667 square meters, heavy fertilizer was applied once at flower bud stage and middle stage of tuber expansion, and 500 kg of human urine was applied per 667 square meters. Human urine plays a significant role in promoting the expansion of tubers and plays a key role in the formation of yield. Topdressing is forbidden to apply human dung and pig, cattle dung, because manure is easy to cause stem vines, tuber skin blackening, leading to disease. Foot potatoes are more resistant to drought and have lax requirements for water. If there is a drought from July to August, it can be properly watered for 1 or 2 times.

IV. Pest control

Foot potato diseases and insect pests are less, a small amount of planting is generally rarely used drugs, when planting is mainly agricultural control, chemicals as the shop, mainly select some high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides. The main diseases are anthracnose and rust, which can be controlled by carbendazim, thiophanate, trimethoprim and so on. Pests include sawleaf wasps, ground tigers, grubs and other underground pests, which can be controlled by root irrigation with 800 times liquid of trichlorfon. No medicine is usually used one month before harvest.