Innovating single-grain precision sowing technology to promote peanut quality improvement and efficiency

Peanut is an important oil crop in China, which plays an important role in stabilizing the self-sufficiency rate of edible vegetable oil. In order to effectively solve the problems of large amount of seeds used in peanut production and insufficient exploitation of yield potential, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has studied and established a single-grain precision sowing technology with the core of giving full play to the potential of a single plant and constructing a reasonable population structure, which has changed the traditional understanding of "only one hole, two seeds to create high yield". This year, the yield per mu reached 782.6 kg, breaking the national record for more than 30 years of high yield of peanuts in the spring peanut field in Guxian Town, Pingdu City.

Compared with the traditional double-seed sowing technology, there are mainly four key technological innovations in single-grain precision sowing of peanut: one is to change from double-seed to single-grain. The ridge distance of traditional peanut sowing was reduced from 90 cm to 80-85 cm, the hole distance was reduced from 16 cm to about 11 cm, each hole was changed from 2 to 1, and the sowing was about 15000 holes per mu, which was 5000-6000 more than that of double-grain sowing. Peanut ridge sealing time 7-10 days earlier, effectively increased photosynthetic area and leaf area coefficient. The second is precise and balanced fertilization. According to the growth and development characteristics of single-grain precision sowing peanut, on the basis of increasing the application of organic fertilizer, part of the quick-acting fertilizer was changed into slow-release fertilizer. According to the degree of soil calcium stress, 30-80kg calcium fertilizer per mu, plus calcium, zinc, molybdenum, boron and other trace elements were applied to promote plant development. Third, timely chemical control and anti-apprenticeship. In case of continuous rain and lack of light, single precision sowing peanut is prone to the phenomenon of depression and overgrowth. When the height of the main stem of peanut ridge sealing is about 30 cm, the growth regulator is sprayed "many times and a small amount" to control the growth and promote the strong. The fourth is to prevent the disease and delay the harvest. From the initial flowering stage of peanut, fungicides were sprayed early to prevent the occurrence and harm of peanut leaf spot disease, foliar fertilizer was sprayed at full fruit stage to prevent defertilization and early senescence, and strive for late harvest and high yield.

In recent years, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences has conducted experiments and demonstrations on single-grain precision sowing technology of peanuts in Pingdu, Junan, Zhaoyuan, Ningyang, Guanxian and other places in Shandong Province, and achieved good results. It is significant to save cost and increase efficiency. Compared with double-grain sowing, single-grain precision sowing reduced about 4000 plants per mu, and seed consumption per mu decreased by about 20%, which better coordinated individual and population development. The total number of fruits per mu reached 390000, which was 30, 000 more than that of double-grain sowing, and the average yield per mu was about 5%. The application prospect is broad. In the past three years, the cumulative planting area of peanut precision sowing technology in Shandong Province has exceeded 6.5 million mu. It was listed as the main promotion technology of agriculture in Shandong Province for five consecutive years from 2011 to 2015, and was listed as the main promotion technology of the Ministry of Agriculture in 2015, and promulgated as the national agricultural industry standard. In the next step, the Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences will further strengthen scientific research, strengthen core technologies such as model matching varieties, planting standardization and mechanization, and work closely with agricultural technology extension departments and production and management organizations in neighboring provinces. expand the scope of application and demonstration scale, promote large-scale quality improvement and efficiency.