Domestic soybeans change from passive to active

When the reporter interviewed Han Tianfu, chief scientist of the National Soybean Industry Technology Research and Development Center, he received a message from the South American seed Company, which wanted to cooperate and negotiate with China's soybean research institutes. This shows that the basic research work of soybean breeding in China has reached a very high level. "it's time to'go out 'and export varieties, technology and resources." Han Tianfu said.

Industrial situation

The turning point has come, the domestic soybean "Shi Lai Yun Zhun (Lucky Dumplings)"

According to the 2014 soybean industry technology development report of the National Soybean Industry Technology system, China's soybean production continued to decline in 2014, with a preliminary estimate of about 100 million mu of soybean acreage, a decrease of 7.1% to 8.6% over the previous year. this is the sixth consecutive year of decline in soybean acreage since 2009. The current situation of the soybean industry seems to be a bit "miserable".

However, not long ago, the Ministry of Agriculture made it clear that the four provinces (regions) in Northeast China would strive to achieve the goal of reducing the corn area by more than 10 million mu next year, which is absolutely good for the soybean industry.

With regard to these 10 million mu, not all of them may have been given to soybeans, but compared with the increase in demand dozens of times, consider the import of 71.14 million tons last year, even if all of these 10 million mu were replanted with soybeans.

According to Han Tianfu's analysis, the change in domestic soybean production mainly depends on the production of Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Anhui and Henan provinces (regions). Before 2014, changes in soybean acreage in Northeast China accounted for more than 80% of the changes in soybean area in the country. After the soybean acreage declined for six consecutive years, the role of pure price factors or planting benefit factors began to weaken, while the role of technical factors gradually strengthened. such as crop rotation, planting habits, labor and drying restrictions of competitive crops, management risks of over-planting corn and other factors are conducive to maintaining and further expanding the soybean area.

In recent years, the increasingly serious problem of black soil degradation has attracted much attention. at present, many farmers in Heilongjiang have reached a general consensus, that is, grain and bean rotation can not only increase production and income, but also improve soil fertility.

It is understood that in order to improve the comprehensive efficiency of agricultural production and the quality of land cultivation, the Ministry of Agriculture has implemented the "grain and bean rotation" project in the northeast, and Bei'an is one of the pilot projects. "this year, we have implemented crop rotation covering an area of 27000 mu, with a subsidy of 150 yuan per mu, which is welcomed by farmers." Wang Deyou, deputy director of Bei'an Agricultural Bureau, said.

Crop rotation is thus accepted and welcomed by farmers. Can the spring of soybeans be far behind?

Variety structure

Tofu, soy milk... They are all domestic non-GM soybeans.

At present, imported genetically modified soybeans have accounted for 80% of the domestic market share, which makes consumers wonder: most of the soybean oil sold in supermarkets is genetically modified, and are bean curd, soy milk and other soybean products also genetically modified? In fact, genetically modified soybeans imported from abroad are used to extract oil, while the soybean products eaten directly by people are all domestic non-genetically modified soybeans, and most of them are high protein types.

Han Tianfu told reporters that the breeding direction of American soybeans is different from that of Chinese soybeans. Compared with foreign soybeans with high oil yield, Chinese soybeans have the advantages of high protein content, natural genes and suitable for consumption. "to gain the initiative in the competition, we should make efforts in terms of comparative advantage." Han Tianfu said right to the point, "when we import soybeans, we also make regulations on the types. At present, we only import varieties used for processing." It turns out that the tofu and soy milk we ate. None of them are genetically modified.

"the so-called Bailidou Qianlimai, the regionality of soybeans is very obvious, and each region has suitable main varieties. Due to the influence of temperature difference between day and night, light and other external factors, Huang-Huai-Hai and the south are more suitable for planting high-protein varieties, while the oil content of soybeans planted in Northeast China is relatively high. " Sun Shi, an associate researcher at the Institute of crop Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told reporters that through breeding selection, soybean varieties with high protein, high oil, high isoflavones, low fishy taste, low anti-nutritional factors, and good flavor and quality of soy milk can be cultivated. Breeders will focus on the needs when selecting varieties.

Breeding research and development

Traditional roads have power and new technologies have reserves to meet diversified needs.

Soybeans are convenient for planting and management, and can also improve soil fertility, but the income per mu is less than half of corn, and farmers are not willing to plant them if they can't make money.

Under the premise of limited planting area, increasing per unit yield is the king.

According to Wu Cunxiang, host of the National Soybean Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Test and a researcher at the Institute of crop Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, variety, environment and cultivation are the three key factors that determine soybean yield per unit area. "among them, variety is fundamental." Wu Cunxiang said, "the contribution rate of good varieties to the high yield of soybean can reach 40%. Therefore, it is an urgent need to cultivate high-yielding varieties."

It is understood that by the end of last year, China had selected and bred a total of 2062 soybean varieties, covering all soybean producing areas in the country. "at present, the per unit yield of the varieties is OK, and the per unit yield of the strains participating in the regional trial can reach 180 kg ~ 200 kg per mu." Wu Cunxiang told reporters that in other words, the level of soybean breeding in China is powerful on the traditional road and can meet diversified needs. "Zhonghuang 35' selected by the Institute of Science and Technology is a typical high-yielding variety. By using the technology of eyedropper combined with water and fertilizer synchronization in Xinjiang, it has set a record of more than 400kg per mu for four consecutive years, including a national record of 421.37 kg per mu in 2012."

China is not only the country with the largest number of soybean germplasm resources, but also the country with the richest soybean gene resources, but also one of the first countries to use modern breeding methods to cultivate soybean, which has always attached great importance to soybean breeding. Wu Cunxiang revealed that in recent years, the research of soybean molecular breeding technology in China is trying to catch up with the world's advanced level.After years of accumulation, the cloning of genes for key traits, molecular marker-assisted breeding, and molecular design breeding have been developed in an all-round way. In the basic research of soybean molecular breeding technology, the pan-genome of harvested wild soybean was constructed by ab initio sequencing and independent assembly of 7 representative wild soybeans. The characteristics of interspecific structural variation in soybean were clarified at the whole genome level. The unique excellent genes of wild soybean were discovered, which provided an important clue for elucidating the gene variation of soybean varieties in the process of artificial selection.