Cultivation and Management techniques of Qiuyue Pear

Qiuyue pear is a variety of pear, it is a kind of hybrid pear variety introduced from Japan, and it is also planted in our country, so what is the cultivation and management technology of Qiuyue pear?

1. Growth habits of Qiuyue Pear

The flower bud of Qiuyue pear usually germinates in late March, the early flowering stage on April 15, the flowering stage on April 20-25, and the florescence is about 10 days. Leaf buds germinated in the middle of April and began to germinate in late April. The fruit ripens in mid-late September.

It has strong adaptability. Strong cold resistance, drought resistance; more resistant to black star and black spot. The main disadvantage is that the sepals are persistent, the posture of the tree is upright, and the 4-year-old, 5-year-old backbone branches are prone to lower baldness.

The fruit of Qiuyue pear is large, with an average single fruit weight of 450g and a maximum of 1000g. The fruit shape is correct, the fruit uniformity is very high, and the commercial fruit rate is high. The fruit shape is flat and round, and the fruit shape index is about 0.8. The pericarp is yellow-reddish brown, the fruit color is pure; the flesh is white, the flesh is crisp, the stone cells are very few, the taste is fragrant, and the content of soluble solids is about 14.5%.

2. Cultivation and management techniques of Qiuyue pear

1. Planting management

Select the park with fertile soil and convenient watering, select suitable seedlings and plant them according to reasonable density.

Selection of seedlings: large and strong seedlings should be selected.

Hole digging: decide whether to dig the planting hole according to the soil condition. The hills and mountains need to dig planting holes, clear gravel, guest soil and backfill soil. For plain sand loam, there is no need to dig planting holes.

Planting density: the plant row spacing was 1m × 4m or 2m × 4m in the early stage of the fertile plain, and changed to 2m × 4m or 4m × 4m in the later stage (after 8 years), and 0.75m × 4m or 1m × 3m in the hilly area in the early stage and 1.5m × 4m or 2m × 3m in the later stage.

2. Flower and fruit management

The flower thinning was carried out during the inflorescence separation period of the autumn moon pear, pollination was carried out when the flowers bloomed at 25%, and the suitable weather was selected for fruit thinning.

Flower thinning: generally, one inflorescence is left according to the distance of 25cm, and all other inflorescences are removed.

Pollination: artificial pollination with mixed pollen can significantly increase the number of fruits.

Fruit thinning: disease and insect damage, poor fertilization, incorrect shape, leaf grinding fruit, Chaotian fruit, drooping fruit are removed.

3. Fertilizer and water management

According to the growth of Qiuyue pear, the fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, and topdressing in early August is more appropriate.

In general, before freezing, 4-6-year-old trees were applied granular organic fertilizer 150~200kg with more than 30% organic matter content per 667m2, and added nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer of 100~150kg.

In order to improve fruit quality and prevent physiological diseases, 150g borax (not applied every year, should be applied every other year), 200g calcium nitrate, crushed peanut shell (or rice husk) 1~1.5kg, EM fermentation broth 0.5g 1.0L, peat soil 0.25~0.3kg, magnesium sulfate 8g 10g (to improve fruit surface light) were applied according to each tree soil.

Shallow fertilization is recommended, and 10~20cm under the soil is generally appropriate. Topdressing should be in the first ten days of August, that is, the late stage of fruit growth, mainly available nitrogen fertilizer. Foliar spraying fertilizer should be carried out 4 or 5 times a year.