Accurately grasp the new situation and new trend of world agricultural development

Looking at global agriculture, almost every country and region is committed to the construction of modern agriculture. The difference is that the developed countries are more focused on seizing the "commanding heights" and strive to continue to lead the trend of world agricultural development, while the vast number of developing countries are more based on their national conditions to learn from the existing successful experience and strive to speed up the development of modern agriculture. Strive to catch up. The Fifth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, which has just concluded, makes a profound analysis of the current situation at home and abroad, and puts forward that we must comply with the trend of China's deep integration into the world economy, actively participate in global economic governance and the supply of public goods, and improve China's institutional voice in global economic governance. With the continuous adjustment of a new batch of international trade and geopolitical rules, such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), the external environment facing China's agriculture has undergone profound changes. It is necessary to accurately grasp the new situation and new trend of world agricultural development, and take China's agriculture into overall consideration and proper response in the general pattern of world agriculture.

First, the revolution of world agricultural science and technology dominates the development of modern agriculture. In the new round of world scientific and technological revolution, agricultural science and technology is the key content of the scientific and technological revolution. With the fierce revolution of agricultural science and technology in the world, traditional agriculture has gradually withdrawn from the stage, and modern agriculture has sprung up rapidly. In particular, the agricultural modernization led by science and technology in developed countries is accelerating, and the goals, ideas and measures of its development are quietly changing, that is, mainly making use of the advantages of agricultural science and technology, from the domestic agricultural market to the strategy of occupying the world market. from the use of domestic resources to the use of other countries' resources strategy, from petrochemical agriculture to green agriculture strategy. In the future, agricultural development must rely on agricultural science and technology and take the road of innovation and development of agricultural science and technology in order to keep pace with the development of modern agriculture in the world.

Second, the pace of research and application of agricultural biotechnology has been significantly accelerated. Modern agricultural biotechnology with genomics as the core has become one of the main bodies and symbols of the development of agricultural science and technology all over the world. Since the beginning of the new century, cutting-edge agricultural biotechnology such as molecular breeding, gene sequencing, transgenic technology, biomass inputs and other cutting-edge agricultural biotechnology have accelerated the research and application. Developed countries vigorously develop transgenic biotechnology, speed up the research, development, popularization and application of transgenic technology, and seize the commanding heights of modern agricultural technology. For example, the United States has funded and carried out a number of studies on molecular marker-assisted breeding of food crops, mainly using marker-assisted selection technology to improve disease resistance and quality of crops. The British Biotechnology and Life Sciences Research Council has funded a number of molecular marker-assisted breeding projects for food crops, including wheat, barley, rice, pearl millet and so on.

Third, agricultural Internet, big data, cloud computing and other information technology to promote the transformation and upgrading of modern agriculture. Modern agriculture is moving towards the 3.0 era of taking the Internet as the medium, deeply integrating network science and technology into the decision-making of agricultural production and operation, fine management of agricultural production, transportation and sales of agricultural products, and realizing the intellectualization, precision and customization of agriculture. In particular, the Internet, big data, cloud computing, the Internet of things, electronic agricultural monitoring and other modern information technology are more and more widely used in the field of agriculture, promoting the transformation and upgrading of world agriculture. Countries all over the world have started and accelerated the process of agricultural informatization, and formed a number of good industrialization application models. The use of satellite, electronic agricultural monitoring and other technologies for real-time monitoring of land, climate, seedling and other information, the results into the information fusion and decision-making system; Internet of things technology has become the key technology of production management, auxiliary decision-making, precise control, intelligent implementation; Internet technology is widely used in e-commerce of agricultural products, transportation environment regulation, traceability of agricultural products quality and safety and other aspects.

Fourth, the innovation of agricultural organizations forms a new pattern of productive forces. In the final analysis, the future agricultural competition is the competition of the main body of agricultural management. In recent years, countries around the world have accelerated the cultivation of new agricultural organizations adapted to the development of modern agriculture, and further improved the level of organization, scale, alliance and standardization of agricultural production and management, and the innovation of agricultural organizations has increasingly become a new productivity. In agricultural developed countries and regions such as the United States and Europe, large-scale operators such as agricultural enterprises and family farms have accelerated their development, especially some multinational corporations rely on their financial strength, technological monopoly and market control capabilities. playing a more and more important role in global agriculture. According to statistics, three multinational companies, including DuPont, Monsanto and Syngenta, control more than 50% of the world seed market, six pesticide companies control 76% of the market, ten major companies control 41% of the chemical fertilizer market, and the four major grain merchants of ABCD monopolize the international grain market. In Japan, South Korea and other countries and regions, the influence of organizations such as peasant associations and alliances is increasing day by day, reflecting the huge ability of organization, coordination and negotiation.

Fifth, there is a new trend in the world agricultural support and protection policy. Agricultural support and protection is a common international practice. In recent years, under the framework of WTO, countries around the world continue to adjust and improve their agricultural support and protection practices, mainly the transformation of agricultural subsidies from "yellow box" to "green box" policy, from explicit subsidy to implicit support, and from cost subsidy to income subsidy. In 2014, the United States signed the new Agricultural Act, abolishing domestic support policies such as direct payments and counter-cyclical payments, and at the same time introducing alternative programs for agricultural insurance subsidies, greatly increasing the amount of agricultural insurance subsidies and expanding the scope of insurance. Farmers can choose to participate in insurance in the form of income guarantee or price guarantee. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that a budget of $956 billion will be needed to implement the Act from 2014 to 2023. The European Union has issued a common agricultural policy, and agricultural subsidies up to 50 billion euros a year will be distributed among member states from 2014 to 2020 on the basis of self-subsidies by various countries. There are 470 kinds of agricultural subsidy programs in Japan, and Japanese farmers mainly rely on government subsidies for their income.

From the tide of the development of modern agriculture in the world, the organizational structure, production power, market pattern and trade environment of world agriculture have been or are undergoing profound adjustments and changes. this is bound to have a far-reaching impact on China's modern agricultural construction, rural reform and agricultural "going out". We should size up the situation, stick to the bottom line, conform to the trend, and take the initiative. In particular, we should accurately study and judge the trend changes of world agricultural development based on China's national conditions and industrial interests, actively participate in the new round of agricultural trade negotiations and rule-making, and arrange domestic strategies and measures in advance, so as to lay a more solid and strong support for the development of China's modern agriculture.