Tomato culture methods and matters needing attention

The fruit of tomato is rich in nutrition and has special flavor. Can be eaten raw, cooked, processed ketchup, juice or whole fruit can be stored. At present, there are many cultivated areas, so what are the tomato culture methods and matters needing attention?

1. Methods of tomato culture

1. Soil

Tomato can tolerate drought, but not waterlogging, and the requirements for soil are not very strict. in order to obtain high yield, it is necessary to choose the soil with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and strong water and fertility conservation.

two。 Fertilizer application

After deep ploughing and raking, it is opened into a box with a width of 80 cm and a height of 16-24 cm, with a groove width of 33 cm and 2 rows per box. When applying fertilizer, the reasonable proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1:2, 3000-5000 kg per mu of rotten organic fertilizer, 25 kg of superphosphate and 20 kg of potassium fertilizer (or 80 kg of plant ash).

3. Sowing and raising seedlings

Put the seeds in 55 °C hot water, stir to 30 °C and soak for 3-4 hours. After soaking the seeds, the seeds were placed under the condition of 25-28 °C to accelerate germination, and 60-70% of the seeds could be sown.

4. Colonization

Timely planting and reasonable close planting: early maturing cultivation in spring protected land was planted in the cold tail and warm head weather from late February to early March, and plastic film mulching cultivation in the open field was planted in the cold tail and warm head weather around March 20. The planting density is that the plant spacing of early-maturing varieties is 50 × 30 cm, about 3000 plants per mu, the middle and late-maturing varieties are about 3500 plants per mu with single-stem pruning, and 2000 plants per mu with double-stem pruning.

5. Pruning

Pruning, reaching frame, binding vine: build a "herringbone" frame after the fruit setting of the first ear. There are two main ways of pruning, one is to leave only the trunk, and all the lateral branches are removed (it is appropriate to remove all the lateral branches when the lateral branches grow to 4-7 cm), which is called single-trunk pruning; the other is to leave the lateral branches under the first inflorescence except the trunk, and all the other lateral branches are removed, which is called double-trunk pruning. No matter what kind of pruning method is used, we should pay attention to binding the vine in time.

6. Flower protection

In order to prevent the falling of flowers and fruits, the flowers can be soaked or smeared with 10-20ppm 2mai 4murD solution, or sprayed with 20-30ppm tomato spirit. In the middle and later stage of plant growth, the lower old leaves can also be removed properly to reduce nutrient consumption and improve ventilation and light transmission; infinite growth varieties should top in time after 4-5 sets of fruit to increase fruit setting rate and promote fruit ripening.

Matters needing attention in cultivating tomatoes

1. Pest control

Virus disease and late blight disease are common diseases of tomatoes, which are mainly caused by poor drainage of the land, too dense planting and poor light transmittance, so it is necessary to strengthen field management, timely drainage and improve air and light permeability. If aphids are found in tomatoes, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000ml 3000 times, or 50% aldicarb 2000 mi 3000 times, can be sprayed to get rid of insects.

two。 Harvest

Tomato ripening can be divided into four stages: green ripening, discoloration, ripening and ripening. Storage and preservation can be harvested in the green ripening period. The transport sale can be picked during the discoloration period (the fruit turns red at 1pm 3). On-the-spot sale or self-feeding should be picked during the ripening period, that is, when the fruit turns red above 1 / 3. It should be picked and handled gently when harvesting, and it is best to pick without fruit stalks, so as to prevent the fruits from being stabbed each other during shipment.

In addition, tomato field management should follow scientific and reasonable methods, through effective management, diligent cultivation, in order to achieve the goal of saving cost and increasing efficiency, high quality, high efficiency and high yield.