"good medicine" for symptomatic treatment of structural problems of agricultural mechanization

Recently, "supply-side structural reform" has been frequently reported in the press, and it has become a high-frequency word concerned by government officials and discussed by the media and scholars. The reason is that General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed at the 11th meeting of the Central Financial and Economic leading Group that "while moderately expanding aggregate demand, efforts should be made to strengthen supply-side structural reform, improve the quality and efficiency of the supply system, and enhance the driving force of sustained economic growth." Prior to this, some domestic economists have conducted in-depth studies on economic theory and the practical problems of China's economic development. Represented by "New supply: China's Innovation of Economic Theory" edited by Jia Kang, former Director of the Institute of Financial Science of the Ministry of Finance, and "China's key: promoting Economic International Competitiveness" edited by Huang Jianhui, Director of Minsheng Bank head Office, this paper puts forward a whole set of new supply economics theories. A "prescription" has been prescribed to solve the problem of sustainable economic development under the new normal. The central meeting specially emphasizes "supply-side reform", which indicates that "supply-side reform" has changed from "scholar's mansion" to "high-level decision-making", and the thinking of national economic governance is quietly changing.

As agricultural mechanization workers, we are more concerned about the significance of the grand proposition of strengthening supply-side structural reform to the development of agricultural mechanization as a specific industry.

On the one hand, strengthening the supply-side structural reform will help to meet the growing demand for middle and high-end agricultural mechanization and promote the transformation and upgrading of agricultural mechanization. At present, the outstanding problems of agricultural mechanization are mainly manifested in the operation level of "two high and two low", that is, high planting industry, aquaculture, forest and fruit industry, facility agriculture, low agricultural product processing industry, and high level of grain production mechanization in planting industry. the level of mechanization of cash crop production is low. The equipment structure is "three more and three less", that is, more power machinery, less supporting agricultural tools, more small machines and tools, less large and medium-sized machines, more low-grade machines and tools, and less high-performance machines and tools; regional development is "three fast and three slow", that is, fast in plain areas, slow in hilly and mountainous areas, fast in east and north, slow in west and south, fast in dry land and slow in paddy fields. The root cause of these problems is not the lack of social demand, but the lack of effective supply. At present and for a period of time in the future, the main contradiction restricting the sustained and healthy development of agricultural mechanization is still the contradiction between the increasingly urgent demand for the development of agricultural mechanization and the lack of effective supply, with serious overcapacity of low-end agricultural machinery. the market of high-end agricultural machinery, such as large-scale rice-wheat combine harvester, large tractor with more than 200 horsepower, large cotton picker and sugarcane harvester, is basically monopolized by foreign enterprises, and the structural contradiction is prominent. Strengthening supply-side structural reform is conducive to eliminating backward production capacity, optimizing industrial structure, solving the problem of "low, more, high, less, low leftover and high shortage", and improving the quality and efficiency of agricultural mechanization development. On the other hand, strengthening the supply-side structural reform is conducive to creating and releasing new demand for agricultural mechanization and promoting the sustained and stable growth of agricultural economy. In view of the outstanding problems existing in agricultural management, such as poor combination of planting and breeding, poor circulation, unreasonable grain economic and feeding structure, the Ministry of Agriculture has made the decision and deployment of adjusting and optimizing the agricultural structure, and has taken promoting the conversion of grain to feed as a key task. Moreover, this year, the state has significantly reduced the listing purchase price of temporary storage corn, the income of planting corn has been greatly affected, and farmers also have an urgent need to switch to forage corn and silage corn. However, because farmers are not sure about the production machinery, seeds and technology of forage corn and silage corn, it is still difficult to promote the conversion of grain to feed. In addition, some areas are suitable for planting crops with higher economic benefits, such as tea and Chinese herbal medicine. Due to the lack of advanced and suitable production machinery, the development of characteristic cash crops such as tea and Chinese herbal medicine is slow, which in turn suppresses the demand for mechanization in these industries. Strengthen the supply-side structural reform to make the supply system more adapted to the changes in demand structure, help to release farmers' potential demand for forage crops and cash crop production machinery, and expand the planting area of high value-added crops, optimize the planting structure, and provide strong support for improving agricultural management efficiency and market competitiveness.

So the question is, how to strengthen supply-side structural reform?

Capital, technology and labor are the main factors of supply. At present, the lack of development funds, backward technical equipment and low quality of employees seriously restrict the sustained and healthy development of agricultural mechanization. In order to strengthen the supply-side structural reform, we should take measures to deal with the symptoms, focusing on the following three aspects:

We will improve support policies and improve the quality and efficiency of capital supply. We will closely combine giving better play to the role of the government and giving full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and establish and improve a policy system that integrates financial support, financial support, and insurance support to promote the development of agricultural mechanization. We will further improve the subsidy policy for the purchase of agricultural machinery, focus on the new business entities and main producing areas, and constantly improve the orientation and accuracy of the subsidy policy. We will further increase the intensity of financial powerful machinery to benefit farmers, actively promote mortgage loans and financial leases for large-scale agricultural machinery, pay close attention to the establishment of agricultural credit guarantee system, and explore effective ways for financial leverage to pry financial support for agriculture. Agricultural machinery information service providers and credit institutions are encouraged to give full play to their respective advantages and innovate the service model of financial powerful machinery to benefit farmers. We will promote the gathering of financial resources to "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and financial services to new agricultural operators such as agricultural machinery cooperatives, and effectively solve the problems of financing difficulties and expensive financing for agricultural machinery operators. We will further strengthen insurance support, encourage commercial insurance institutions to innovate insurance varieties, and explore models for financial institutions to issue loans, financial funds to provide guarantees, and agricultural machinery enterprises to purchase commercial insurance. we will encourage finance to implement a premium subsidy policy for strong insurance for large tractors, combine harvesters and commercial insurance, so as to share and resolve the risks of agricultural operators purchasing and operating agricultural machinery.

Implement innovation-driven to improve the quality and efficiency of technology supply. We will carry out in-depth actions of "Internet + agricultural mechanization" and "made in China 2025", and actively promote the innovation of all scientific research and technical personnel, front-line workers and farmers, from design, production to use, maintenance, and management. New methods, new materials, and new technologies are innovated in an all-round way. Adhere to original innovation, integrated innovation, introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation, pay more attention to original innovation, constantly improve the intensity of enterprise research and development, and form the ability of core functional components and machine testing, development and coordination. Improve the level of agricultural equipment information collection, intelligent decision-making and accurate operation. Take the construction of "Belt and Road Initiative" as an opportunity to encourage domestic agricultural machinery enterprises to actively go out, invest and build factories abroad or merge and reorganize, introduce foreign high-end experts and technical personnel, and realize "corner overtaking" in technological upgrading. Strive to create a policy and institutional environment conducive to innovation. First, establish a national agricultural equipment industry innovation center to form a government-guided, project-driven, resource integration, collaborative and efficient R & D innovation system. The second is to give financial subsidies to the R & D activities of basic frontiers, key common technologies and the first set of major equipment, and the third is to deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system and improve the preferential tax policies for the purchase of new products of agricultural machinery, key parts and complete machines. cheer for enterprises, reduce the burden and release; fourth, vigorously strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, severely and quickly punish malicious infringement in accordance with the law, and encourage and support R & D innovation with great fanfare. Fully mobilize the enthusiasm of scientific research institutions, colleges and universities, agricultural machinery enterprises and capable people in rural areas for R & D and innovation.

Strengthen education and training to improve the quality and efficiency of labor supply. Strive to create a contingent of agricultural machinery management cadres with good scientific and technological literacy and strong pioneering ability, a team of agricultural mechanization technical personnel with reasonable structure and proficient in business, a large-scale team of high-quality new professional agricultural machinery operators who can not only operate agricultural machinery skillfully but also understand agronomic knowledge, to promote the development of agricultural mechanization from relying mainly on material inputs to relying on scientific and technological innovation and the improvement of the quality of employees. We will reform and improve financial support for agricultural mechanization, make good use of the "green box subsidy" policies in the WTO framework system for agricultural infrastructure construction, personnel education and training, and technical demonstration and extension, and constantly increase investment in the training of agricultural mechanization practitioners. We will actively promote the linkage between government and enterprises and the joint construction of social enterprises, guide agricultural machinery enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities, and constantly strengthen the training of new professional agricultural machinists. We will strengthen the training, support and guidance for migrant workers returning home and graduates of agricultural colleges to join the army of agricultural mechanization to start and start a business, and explore and implement the plan of strengthening the army of young professional agricultural machinery talents, so that the income of agricultural mechanization is not low or even higher than that of working and doing business. we will constantly enhance the attractiveness of agricultural mechanization and train reserve talents and backbone for the sustained and healthy development of agricultural mechanization.