Technical essentials of summer black

Black summer is what we often call black summer grape, also known as summer black seedless, is a hybrid variety of Europe and the United States, currently planted in Hunan, Gansu, Qingdao and other places.

1. Rack selection

The type of rack chosen varies from place to place. Hedges are mostly used in the north and v-shaped or scaffolding in the south. Summer black grapes can be of any kind. Hedge cultivation, natural fan-shaped pruning, row spacing 1.7m, plant spacing 0.8m 667 m2 500 plants. In the area where the soil should be buried to prevent cold, 420 plants can be planted with a row spacing of 2m and a plant spacing of 0.8m 667m2. Where there is a lot of rain, the first wire above the ground is more than 80cm away from the ground to prevent rain splashing and sediment pollution. This type of frame is beneficial to make full use of land, wind and light, especially for early high yield and general management level, and the output of 667m2 can reach more than 2000kg in the second year.

2. Pruning ears and thinning fruits

Summer black grape ear neat, more unambiguous shoulder, individual double spike. It is suggested that if there are two ears, one should be repaired. If the ear is too long, the ear tip should be removed 10 days before flowering. On average, there is only one ear per fruiting branch, and in practice, according to the principle of "strong two and one weak", that is, two ears can be left on the top (front end) of the shelf, one ear on the medium growth shoot, and no ear on the weak branch and culture branch. The total number of ears left per 667m2 is about 4000. The seeds of summer black fruit are closely planted, so it is recommended that the fruit be thinned. Artificial fruit thinning, time-consuming, can be in full bloom fruit-setting period to drink water, or combined with fungicides, consciously spray the ear to promote its moderate drop. Or shake or hit the tree moderately during the flowering and fruit setting period, which can also play the role of thinning flowers and fruits.

3. Expansion treatment

At present, large grape is still preferred in the domestic grape market. The enlargement of the fruit is beneficial to increase the yield and improve the commodity value. Xiahei grape grows naturally and the fruit is small, which is the commonness of seedless grapes, so it is recommended to carry out expansion treatment. That is, 15 days after flowering, 45~50mg/kg gibberellin solution was dipped or sprayed on the ear, and repeated every 12 to 15 days. Or when the grains of soybeans are large, use 45mg/kg gibberellin solution to spray or dip in the ear for each 1~1.5kg to increase the yield of 10ml (inhibiting pedicel hardener).

4. Fruit bagging

Grape bagging has many benefits, such as disease prevention, pest prevention, bird pest prevention, pollution prevention, yield protection and quality protection. The berries produced are not only beautiful, but also taste good. It is suggested that whether it is field production or greenhouse cultivation, strive for a full set of bags.

5. Water and fertilizer management

Like other grape varieties, it is suggested that organic matter fertilizer should be re-applied in the production of Xiahei grape. During the planting and establishment of the garden, organic fertilizer 5000kg was applied per 667m2, and then expanded outward along one side of the planting ditch every other year. Organic fertilizer was applied once in the ditch, and 4000~5000kg was applied every 667m2. Quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied once in spring to accelerate budding and promote the growth of large ears. The expansion fertilizer was applied once with high nitrogen ternary fertilizer. Apply potash fertilizer once before fruit ripening. If the amount of fertilizer is not good, it should be decided according to the soil fertility, yield and tree potential.

6. Scientific winter scissors

Winter shearing is very important and is directly related to the yield of grapes in the following year. Xiahei grape has good flower bud differentiation, high germination rate and high fruiting branch rate. Therefore, the general tree potential is mainly short shoot pruning, while strong branches can be pruned in the middle. The adult orchard with natural fan-shaped pruning is cultivated by hedgerow, and it is suggested that 667m2 should keep 15001800 fruiting branches.