What are the main pests of apples? What are the prevention and control methods?

Apple is one of the fruits often eaten in daily life, there are many varieties, and the varieties planted in different places are also different. It is easy to be attacked by insect pests in the process of apple planting, so what are the main apple pests? What are the prevention and control methods?

1. What are the main pests of apples?

1. Heart-eating insects

Fruit borer, also known as fruit borer, is the most harmful pest in apple, which is common in all apple producing areas in China. Heart-eating insect pests do harm to the larvae to feed in the fruit, and the pulp is often eaten empty or cause early fruit drop and rotten fruit, which not only directly reduces the yield and quality of the fruit, but also makes the injured fruit lose its due commodity value, seriously affecting the economic benefits of fruit farmers. Because the life of these pests is hidden, the larvae do harm in the fruit, and the insecticides are difficult to touch the insect body, so it is difficult to control.

The common heart borer pests in apple trees are pear heart borer, peach borer, apple borer, peach borer, apple bark moth, cotton bollworm and so on. Peach heart borer and apple bark moth occur seriously in local areas, and other species basically occur sporadically.

2. Red spider

In July, when more than 2 active red spiders were observed in each leaf in the orchard, chemical control should be carried out immediately, using 20% mijiaojing gel suspension or 15% paraben EC 1500 × 2000 times spray control. 5% azoparate suspension or 11% ethacazole suspension with good egg killing effect can also be sprayed 5000 times.

3. Mites

Leaf mites are the most important pest species in apple, which occur widely. At present, the most common occurrence is Hawthorn spider mite, followed by apple golden claw mite (also known as apple spider mite, cotton red spider), mainly in the northern fruit area, and two-spotted spider mite, which is harmful in all parts of the country.

The apple golden claw mite damages the back of the leaves, causing the leaves to lose green and get up early to fall off, which seriously affects the nutritional synthesis of the plant and weakens the tree potential. After the increase of insect population density, the back of the leaf forms a white net, and the netting speed is very fast, which can cause serious harm in a short time, and the leaves will scorch and fall off.

2. What are the control methods of several major apple pests?

1. Agricultural prevention and control. In early spring, the warped skin at the trunk and cutting mouth is scraped off to eliminate the overwintering larvae. During the growing period of fruit trees, it can be combined with flower thinning and fruit thinning and summer shearing to squeeze the larvae in the rolled leaves with their hands to reduce their harm.

2. Biological control. During the peak spawning period of overwintering adults, Trichogramma pine caterpillar Trichogramma was released for control. According to the number of moths trapped by external hormone traps, the bees were released on the 3rd day after the peak of the adults, and then every 5 days. The bees were released for 4 times. The number of bees per tree was 500 for the first time, 1000 for the second time, and 1000 for the third and fourth times. In addition, it can also be sprayed with Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana and other microbial pesticides to control larvae. Other natural enemies include Trichogramma, apple cocoon wasp, cocoon wasp, predator spider and so on.

3. Chemical control. Serious orchards can spray 3-5 Baumetu stone-sulfur mixture or 45% stone-sulfur mixture crystal 60-80 times in the early stage of germination to kill overwintering pests. Conventional management after falling flowers is the key period for the control of overwintering generation larvae, the middle of June is the key period for the control of the first generation larvae, and August is the key period for the control of the second generation larvae. According to the field observation, the emergence period of overwintering larvae and the hatching period of each generation of larvae are the key periods of chemical control. On the fruiting tree, the control index is 2 insects per 100-leaf clump, which can be used as a reference. The commonly used medicaments are: 35% chlorobenzamide water dispersible granules 10000 times, 1% methylaminoavermectin benzoate EC 3000 times, 25% diflubenzuron suspensions 2000 times 3000 times, 20% diflubenzuron 2000 times 3000 times, 20% cypermethrin 1000 times 1500 times, 24% methoxyhydrazide 2000 times 3000 times, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, cyhalothrin and deltamethrin also have control effects on pests.