Key Technical points of Summer Management of Apple Orchard

Apple can be said to be one of the inseparable fruits in our life, which is rich in vitamins and sun fiber, which is especially suitable for the elderly and children. Apple cultivation in China is relatively extensive, because the climate and other factors are different, so the varieties planted are also different. In the process of apple planting, the management of summer orchard is very critical, especially to master the corresponding technical points.

1. Don't pour water

Summer is the season with the largest water demand and transpiration of fruit trees, which needs to be replenished in time, but it is not suitable for flood irrigation. Because flood irrigation is easy to cause tree growth, resulting in a large number of capillary absorption roots asphyxiated to death. Although the soil water content is large after flood irrigation, the excess water in the soil space will cause root hypoxia, capillary root death, water transport obstruction, resulting in leaf transpiration and water shortage, resulting in leaf burning or leaf wilting. Therefore, when, how and how much the orchard should be watered depends on the sky, the earth, the amount of fruit and the potential of the trees. If the tree is stable, the amount of fruit is large, and there is no difference in soil moisture between drought and rain, it can not only produce strips, but also expand fruit and raise flowers after watering. The effect of infiltration irrigation, furrow irrigation, hole irrigation, drip irrigation or irrigation with flushing gun is the best.

2. Topdressing in time

Fertilizer is the "food" of the tree, and water is the "soup" of the tree. From June to July, topdressing irrigation, more fertilizer and less water, the tree is strong and easy to form flowers; more water, less fertilizer, new shoots can not grow into flowers.

Most fruit growers believe that the fruit should grow big, with water as king and fertilizer as grain. In the application of expanded fruit fertilizer, high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer is often selected and flooded, resulting in the fruit trees can not stop growing in time, the flower bud differentiation is less, the fruit is serious, the fruit ripens late, the color difference taste is light, and the quality decreases. The correct way is to increase the application of phosphorus, potash fertilizer or low nitrogen, medium phosphorus, high potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer in summer to ensure that the fruit is well colored and sells well.

3. Do not rotary ploughing and weeding

After covering the fruit bags, many fruit growers turned the land clean, the grass was not seen, and the soil was dry. As a matter of fact, deep turning over the tree disk during the growing period of fruit trees will damage a large number of shallow absorbing roots of 5cm and 20cm, so that these absorbing roots, which are the most active in growth, are most sensitive to temperature and humidity, and have the strongest ability to absorb nutrients, water and synthesize cytokinins can not be brought into full play, flower buds are difficult to form, and the fruit has low sugar content and poor color. On the other hand, too deep rotary tillage will damage the absorbing roots in the surface layer, which is more conducive to the development of deep roots, stimulate the growth of autumn shoots and form vigorous trees. At the same time, it was a dog day in July, and the temperature higher than 30 ℃ would accelerate the respiratory consumption of roots and leaves. The surface temperature of grass-growing orchard is 3-5 ℃ lower than that of clear-ploughed orchard. Many years of production practice shows that frequent mechanical rotary ploughing during the growing period of fruit trees from April to August is a useless act of "seriously making mistakes and doing damage in a down-to-earth manner".

The principles of underground management during the growing period of fruit trees are no-tillage, grass growing and grass mulching. Natural grass should not form a "barren grass garden". If the grass grows too high, it should be cut in time and covered under the tree plate. Because grass is a self-growing organic fertilizer and a regulator of temperature and moisture, good regulation can turn harm into benefit.

Don't comb the branches too much

Summer shearing is a powerful measure to promote the formation of flower buds. Some fruit growers cut the new shoots on their backs and wanted to improve the light of the trees, but in fact they destroyed the root-crown balance, resulting in sunburn of shaved branches on their backs, sunburn of exposed young fruits, stopping growth of branches and buds, and flower bud differentiation. If the branches on the back are too dense, the strong and prosperous shoots with "big leaves, short nodes and quick capping" can be retained, and some of the overgrown branches and virtual branches with "tender leaves and yellow internodes" can be properly removed. For the new shoots that can not stop growing at the right time, they can be twisted intermittently to block the growth and promote strength. For the new shoots of "going to the top and breaking the bud", the terminal bud can be removed, the top can be suppressed and the sprouting can be promoted.