Technical Essentials of Rice Field Management

In the process of rice growth, every link is more critical. After transplanting rice seedlings, rice has entered the stage of field management. What are the technical points of rice field management?

I. Seedling stage management

In the 2-3 days of sowing and covering the film, check the humidity of the soil surface in time, open two thin films for ventilation and cooling on the 5th-6th day, prevent the seedlings from burning at high temperature, uncover the film at the time of the two leaves of the small seedlings, irrigate and protect the seedlings in time after opening the film, apply urea 4-5 kg per mu for the first time after 2-3 days, and apply urea 8-10 kg per mu for the second topdressing a week later (such as machine transplanting seedlings to see the growth of small seedlings and reasonable fertilization), timely control of seedling blast.

II. Rice field management

The main results are as follows: 1. Timely transplanting and reasonable close planting, generally, the most suitable time for transplanting is from late April to early May, and the seedling age is 35-40 days. Transplanting density machine transplanting seedling 18000 clumps per mu, hand transplanting 2-25000 clumps is the most suitable density.

2. The rice seedlings just after transplanting should ensure adequate water supply and establish a water layer immediately, but it is not suitable for flood irrigation, mainly shallow irrigation, and the water layer depth should be half of the seedling height, no more than 2% of the seedling height, and should not flood the seedling heart. such a water layer can not only prevent excessive leaf water transpiration leading to seedling withering can play a moisturizing effect, to prevent low temperature at night to produce frozen seedlings.

3. when the rice seedlings begin to turn green, it is necessary to release some water, maintain the shallow water layer and control the depth at about 3-5 cm. This shallow water permeability is good, which is conducive to the increase of water temperature and ground temperature, and can effectively promote the root development of seedlings and root quickly. there are many new roots, and the seedlings can tiller early. In addition, after the seedlings turn green, they can also be irrigated intermittently, once irrigated with 3-5 cm shallow water, and then let it dry naturally. If there is water in the pit in the field, if there is no water on the surface of the field, it can be irrigated and recycled.

4. Rice will enter a rapid growth period after turning green. Due to the continuous development of roots and the increase of the number of tillers, the demand for nutrients is increasing, so the amount of fertilizer should also continue to increase, and the soil temperature is relatively low at this time. Nutrients in the soil are not completely released, coupled with the full-layer application of base fertilizer, the root system is in the topsoil, it is easy to produce nutrient deficiency and affect the development, so it is necessary to apply tiller fertilizer in time. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, accounting for about 1 / 3 of the fertilizer amount in the whole growth period. 15 kg of urea per mu was applied as tiller fertilizer. When rice blossoms, urea 5-10kg, potassium sulfate 3kg and rice ternary compound fertilizer 20kg are applied to promote flower and protect flower per mu. On the basis of the application of organic fertilizer, the focus of chemical fertilizer application is in the early stage, mainly in the middle layer. Strictly abide by the fertilization principles of pre-promotion, central control, post-supplement and the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

5. 30-35 days after planting, when the field tiller reaches the designed effective panicle time (generally 30-350000 seedlings per mu), water should be drained in time to dry the field, invalid tillering should be controlled, and irrigation should be made in time after 5-7 days of drying. Drying the field should also be combined with climate, soil, fertilizer supply and the growth of seedlings to determine whether to dry the field, the degree of drying and the time of drying. The number of seedlings is sufficient, the leaf color is thick, the growth is prosperous, and the fields with high fertility should be sunburned early and re-insolated, so that people do not sink their feet, and the leaves obviously fall yellow; on the contrary, they should be sunburned or exposed to the field later, the skin in the field should be slightly tight, and the leaf color should fade slightly. Drying the field should not be excessive or insufficient, but should be mastered flexibly.

6. in order to ensure that the soil temperature is not too low and affect the growth of rice during irrigation, temperature-increasing irrigation should be carried out. The irrigation time of river water irrigation can be carried out from 1-2 hours before sunset to 1-2 hours after sunrise; well water irrigation should first put water into the tanning pool, extend the irrigation channel, widen the water inlet, adopt surface water irrigation and other methods, strive to ensure that the irrigated water temperature is not too low, and reduce the effect of low water temperature on rice tillering and growth.

7. do a good job in the control of diseases and insect pests during the growth of rice.

(1) Agricultural control: select disease and insect resistant varieties and adopt reasonable cultivation measures (such as reasonable close planting, fertilization, water pipe, etc.). (2) physical control: the use of physical insecticidal lamps. (3) Chemical control: mobile joint control was adopted: Rice diseases and insect pests mainly included bacterial leaf blight, rice blast, rice false smut, sheath blight, sheath blight, stem borer and planthopper. Medicament selection and dosage 25% folicazole 100g, 75% tricyclazole 30g, 20% Jinggangmycin wettable powder 40g, 18% insecticidal double water agent 400ml, 70% imidacloprid 5g water 60kg spray control.

The main technical points of rice field management are briefly introduced here. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.