Cultivation techniques of Ziziphus jujuba

Maoye jujube, also known as Taiwan green jujube, Indian jujube and apple jujube, belongs to Rhamnaceae jujube, native to India. It is a fast-growing, high-yielding and high-quality fruit tree, which is favored by consumers because of its unique flavor and rich in a variety of nutritions. a new fruit that has developed rapidly. The cultivation techniques are as follows:

I. Establishment of a garden

Mao Ye jujube has a wide adaptability to soil, regardless of hillside or flat land, all kinds of soil quality can be developed and planted. The construction of the garden should choose places with sufficient light, convenient drainage and irrigation, convenient transportation, shelter from the wind and the sun, mountain slope more than 30 degrees, wet, frost, drought and water shortage, barren, windy and other areas are not suitable for planting.

II. Colonization techniques

1. Planting period: the planting of Maoye jujube should be carried out in the evening from March to April in the rainy season, and can be planted all year round in areas with good irrigation and climatic conditions or in nutrient bags.

2. Planting density: slopes and plots with poor soil can be denser, and orchards with fertile soil can be sparse appropriately. Generally, the row spacing was 5 × 5m, and after three years, it was thinned to 20 trees per 667m2 according to the growth trend.

3. Planting method: before planting, dig planting holes according to the specification of 50cm square, and apply 25-50Kg of soil fertilizer, 1Kg of ternary compound fertilizer (hereinafter referred to as compound fertilizer), calcium, magnesium and phosphorus 1Kg and appropriate amount of boron and magnesium sulfate. If possible, peanut cake fertilizer 1-2Kg can be fully mixed and used as base fertilizer. For the highly acidic soil, an appropriate amount of lime powder can be added to neutralize the acidity.

After planting, pour root water thoroughly and cover with straw or film to moisturize. In case of sunny day, you should water it every 2 days until you survive.

4. Configuration of pollination trees: the self-flowering seed setting rate of Mao Ye jujube is low, and pollination trees should be configured in cultivation. The configuration of pollination trees should be consistent with the morning and afternoon flowering types (such as Gaolang No. 1 with Biyun). The collocation of pollination trees is about 10%.

III. Scientific fertilization

1. Base fertilizer: heavy application of base fertilizer, generally, after pruning and retraction of branches from March to April after fruit harvest, organic fertilizer 30-50Kg, urea 0.1Kg, calcium magnesium phosphorus 0.5Kg and compound fertilizer 0.5Kg were used as base fertilizer. If the plant is weak, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied as appropriate.

2. Topdressing: after the survival of the newly fixed plant, 1% urea or mature thin human feces and urine were applied every 15 days, and then 75-100g compound fertilizer was applied to each plant every 30 days or so. In the young fruit stage, the urea per plant could be increased by 20m / 25g urea, and during the fruit expansion and peak period, each plant was added with 1Kg mature peanut cake or 25Kg human feces and urine to improve the yield and quality.

For more than two-year-old adult trees, flower-promoting fertilizer was applied before flowering stage in June-July, compound fertilizer 0.3Kg plus urea 0.1kg was applied in young fruit stage in September-October, compound fertilizer 0.7Kg was applied in young fruit stage to benefit pulp cell proliferation, and strong fruit fertilizer was applied in fruit expansion period from November to December, mainly potassium fertilizer to promote fruit expansion.

In the flowering stage in July and the young fruit stage in October, 0.1% Yang Fucheng activating element or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.2% borax, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and other solutions should be foliar sprayed according to the growth of the tree, so as to promote pollination, fertilization, improve fruit setting rate, promote fruit expansion, and prevent element deficiency.

IV. Water management

Maoye jujube in the month before flowering and young fruit period should keep the soil dry, can not be irrigated, other periods of orchard should keep moist, when the fruit grows to the diameter of 1.5cm, the fruit begins to expand rapidly, need a lot of water, start irrigation, keep the orchard moist, harvest period avoid a lot of irrigation, in rainy and typhoon season to do a good job of orchard drainage and waterlogging.

5. Pruning and erection

The shoot growth of Zizyphus jujuba is large, slender and fragile, and it is easy to cause depression and wind damage, so it is necessary to do a good job of pruning in order to achieve high and stable yield. From May to June, four strong branches with oblique growth and uniform distribution above the grafting interface were selected as the main branches of the year, and other young branches and rootstock buds were cut off. One-year-old plants only need to cut off overlapping branches. More than two-year-old trees should properly trim the shade branches and overlapping branches in the chamber, maintain good ventilation and light transmission, and need to be retracted and updated once a year.

The growth potential of Zizyphus jujuba is strong, the amount of fruit is large, and the branches are easy to break or sag under overload. in addition to pruning in time, scaffolding should also be set up to facilitate its growth and development and prevent wind damage.

VI. Thinning of flowers, fruits and bagging

Fruit thinning is generally carried out from late September to early October, when the fruit diameter is 0.5cm. Fruit thinning should be based on the principle of keeping good quality and removing bad fruit, thinning small fruit, deformed fruit, disease and insect fruit, etc., and mastering 2 Mel and 3 sections to keep one fruit.

When the diameter of fruit is 2-3cm from November to December, the single fruit is bagged with yellow breathable film or white transparent food bag after fruit thinning and spraying pesticide once.

Pay attention to the control of diseases and insect pests during the growth period. The pericarp should be harvested when the color fades to white or yellow.