Cultivation techniques of Agaricus blazei Murrill

Agaricus blazei Murrill with almond flavor, taste crisp and tender, the economic benefit in the market is very good, many people began to try to plant Agaricus blazei Murrill. Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of Agaricus blazei Murrill.

I. planting materials

The most suitable planting material for Agaricus blazei Murrill is bagasse. It can also be planted with rice straw, wheat straw, cottonseed hull, corn stalk, thatch, sawdust and so on. In one or more of the above mixed raw materials, some cow dung (horse manure), poultry and a small amount of chemical fertilizer are added appropriately. The planting materials of Agaricus blazei Murrill refer to the cultivation technology of Agaricus bisporus, and the culture materials suitable for the growth of Agaricus blazei Murrill are made after accumulation, fermentation and turning.

Second, planting time

The planting season is generally arranged in late spring, early summer and autumn. It was planted before and after the Qingming Festival in spring (March-May) and after the Beginning of Autumn in autumn (September-November). Low altitude areas can be extended to sow seeds from April to May and harvest mushrooms from June to July. It is necessary to master that after sowing, when the mushroom begins to produce after 40 ℃ for 50 days, it is better to have a temperature of 20 Mel and 28 min. The climate conditions are different in different places, so the sowing date should be controlled flexibly.

III. Planting techniques

1. Build a pile

Soak straw or cottonseed husks such as rice straw and cottonseed hulls in water, pre-wet, stir fully with rice bran, sawdust, livestock and poultry manure and other raw and auxiliary materials to build a pile. The width of the stack is 80ml / 90cm.

2. Turn over the pile

The pre-pile time is about 7 days, and when the material temperature rises to 70 ℃ or so, it should be turned over for the first time. Ammonium sulfate or urea was added to the culture material when turning the pile, and with the help of microorganisms, it was fermented into an available nitrogen source for Agaricus blazei Murrill. During the pre-stack period, the fermentation in the middle layer of the material pile is better, and the material temperature is higher, but the surrounding culture materials are not fully fermented. When turning the pile, it should be fully mixed, the middle culture material should be turned on the periphery, and the peripheral culture material should be piled to the center of the pile.

The second turn was carried out after 5 days, and then turned at intervals of 4 days, 4 days and 3 days (a total of 5 times, fermentation time 23 Mel 25 days). In order to ferment evenly inside and outside the material pile, the middle culture material should be turned out and the outer layer culture material should be piled into the middle when turning the pile. After fermentation, the culture material turns brown, the hand-pulled fiber is easy to break, and the fermentation is completed. The water content of the culture material after composting fermentation is about 60-75%. When the pH value is on the high or low side, it can be adjusted with superphosphate or hydrated lime. In order to produce uniform, fully mature and high-quality culture materials, pile turning is a very important process and should not be careless.

3. Feed in and make the bed

Agaricus blazei Murrill can be planted indoors and outdoors. When growing indoors, you can set up a bed with 4mur6 floors, or you can use the empty mushroom room and bed to lay the mushroom bed evenly and loosely with a thickness of 20cm. After the culture material went to bed, the "secondary fermentation" was carried out, that is, the entrances and vents of the mushroom room were closed, the temperature of the mushroom room was raised to 55 ℃ and 60 ℃, and kept for about 2 days. Planting in the field is carried out under the shade shed, with a width of 1.3 meters and arbitrary length. The height of the shade is 2mi 2.3 meters, the roof and the surrounding are shaded by grass curtains and shading nets (four yang and four yin are required), the border bed is shaped like a tortoise, the middle is slightly higher than that around, and a good drainage ditch is opened. If planted in the mountains, flood control ditches should be opened. The surface of the bed was sprayed with chemical pesticides to kill pests. Then spread the fully mature culture material on the border bed, the thickness of which is generally 20ml 25cm (according to the dry material, about 16mur20kg of culture material is needed per square meter).

4. Sowing and management

Break the wheat seed gently, sprinkle it evenly on the culture surface, shake it properly with a fork, sprinkle it on the bed, and finally cover it with a culture material of about 1 centimeter. The sowing rate is 1-2 bottles per square meter.

After outdoor planting and sowing, the border bed should be covered with plastic film to keep warm and humid. Generally speaking, it is not necessary to uncover the plastic film or spray water within 5 days after sowing, and the film is ventilated on the 6th day. The relative humidity of the air is 85-90%. If the material surface is dry, it should be sprayed with water to moisturize. Under normal circumstances, it is ventilated every 2 days.

Indoor planting should also pay attention to the changes of temperature and humidity in the mushroom room. Do a good job of heat preservation and moisturizing, and make more fresh air into the mushroom room, do not make the mushroom room feel muggy every day.

5. Cover the soil

The covering time was to see that the mycelium of Agaricus blazei Murrill survived in the culture medium. Generally, about 20 days after sowing, the hyphae grow to 2 / 3 of the whole culture material and begin to cover the soil. The quality of soil particles covered with culture material and the method of covering soil have great influence on the yield of Agaricus blazei Murrill. Therefore, soil mulching is a very important work in planting. The soil particles used for covering soil should not be too hard, and large soil particles without fertilizer, fresh, water retention and good aeration performance are the best. In China, the soil at the bottom of the field is generally selected, and the water content is 70-75%.

The cover of soil can be tiled or "gear". That is, first cover the material surface with a layer of soil particles about 1 cm thick, and make a mound with a width of 10 cm and a height of 5 cm at intervals of 10 cm to 15 cm, with a thickness of about 3 cm 4 cm. Planting in the field should be arched with bamboo bars on both sides of the bed, and then covered with plastic film to make it grow in the microclimate. The temperature in the cover film should not exceed 30 ℃, if it is too high, the film should be released to cool down, and the relative humidity should not be less than 85%.

The cultivation process of Agaricus blazei Murrill is similar to that of Pleurotus ostreatus. If possible, two kinds of mushrooms can be planted at the same time to obtain higher economic benefits.