Cultivation techniques of Tomato in Cold shed

A cold shed refers to a plastic shed, which generally does not need to be covered with grass, there is only a layer of plastic film, and there are no rear earth walls and gables. Cold shed cultivation of tomatoes is relatively common, the following editor to explain the cold shed tomato cultivation techniques.

I. Variety selection

Select tomato varieties that are cold-resistant, heat-resistant, disease-resistant, high-quality, high-yield, resistant to storage and transportation, good merchandise, and adapt to market demand, such as Baoguan, Jiaguan, Jinpeng, Baili and so on.

2. Raising seedlings

Soak the seeds in 55 ℃ warm water for 6 hours, then wrap the seeds with a clean wet cloth and accelerate germination under the condition of 25 ℃. After 2 days, the seeds can be sown when most of the seeds are white.

III. Colonization

Combined with the application of high-quality organic fertilizer per mu of soil preparation, the land was divided into a half-high ridge with a large row spacing of 80 cm and a small row spacing of 40 cm, and covered with plastic film. Fasten the greenhouse film 15-20 days before planting, fix the ground anchor, and reinforce the shed. Seal the vents of the cold shed with 20: 30 mesh nylon screen to prevent flying insects from entering. When the temperature in the shed is stable above 10 ℃ at night, fine weather is chosen to plant. At this time, the seedling is 20-25 cm high, the stem is 0.6 cm thick, there are 7-8 leaves, the leaves are dark green and purplish, the roots are well developed, and there are no diseases and insect pests. About 3500 plants per mu, burrowed according to the average row spacing of 60 cm and plant spacing of 28 cm to 30 cm, and no more than cotyledons covered with soil.

IV. Post-management

1. Fertilizer and water management

Water immediately after planting, and the water must be thoroughly watered to protect against the cold. After that, watering should be properly controlled to squat seedlings. The first ear fruit walnut ended squatting seedlings, combined with watering mu to apply nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. The topdressing of Russia and Japan was carried out in the period of rapid expansion of the second and third ear. In the result period, 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution can be sprayed on the leaves in the afternoon.

two。 Temperature and humidity management

There is no grass cover in the cold shed, so it is difficult to control the temperature, especially when the cold air attacks, we should try to increase the temperature of the greenhouse. A small arch shed can be added to the tomato seedlings in the shed, supported by a small bamboo pole, covered with 1.2m wide plastic film, opened during the day and covered at night, so that the temperature in the small arch shed can be kept above 10 ℃ at night.

The total temperature management requirements are as follows: slow seedling stage after planting, 25: 30 ℃ in daytime, 14: 16 ℃ at night, 20: 25 ℃ in daytime, 12: 14 ℃ at night, 25: 30 ℃ in daytime and 14: 16 ℃ at night in fruit period. In the later stage of growth, the air discharge can be increased when the air temperature is high, and the air outlet can be kept open at night and ventilated day and night when the outside temperature is stable above 12 ℃ at night. The air relative humidity was maintained at 65%-70% in the early stage of growth and 60%-80% in the fruiting period.

3. Plant adjustment

Single culm pruning, timely removal of lateral branches, timely hanging vines, 4-6 ears per plant, 3-4 fruits per panicle, and timely thinning of flowers and fruits. After flowering, tomato spirit and anti-falling element were dipped in flowers and fruits with a concentration of 20mg / kg, with a high limit at low temperature and a low limit at high temperature. 0.1% carbendazim wettable powder can be added to the solution to prevent Botrytis cinerea.

Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Due to the installation of insect control net in the vent of cold shed tomato, insect pests rarely occur, so it is necessary to focus on the control of whitefly. When whitefly occurs, the whitefly can be trapped and killed by hanging a yellow board of 25 cm × 30 cm per mu in the middle of the row 0.5-0.7 m above the top of the plant, focusing on the prevention and control of early and late blight and leaf mildew. For early and late blight, 45% chlorothalonil aerosol 120g / mu can be used for 120g / mu, divided into 6 places, lit and closed overnight in the evening, smoked once in 7 days, and smoked for 4 times. Or use 72% frost urea cyanide manganese zinc wettable powder 800 times liquid spray control. For leaf mold, 1500-fold spray of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules or 47% Chunlei Wang copper wettable powder can be used to control leaf mildew. For Ralstonia solanacearum, 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate wettable powder 4000 times the solution can be used to irrigate the root, each plant with 300ml, once every 10 days, 2 times continuously.

Tomato cultivation in the cold shed is a good planting project, which can bring greater economic benefits, but the temperature in the cold shed is difficult to control, so we should pay more attention to it in the planting process.