Grape cultivation techniques in cold shed

The cold shed refers to the plastic greenhouse, which does not need to be covered with grass, but only has a layer of plastic film. Growing grapes in a cold shed is a low-investment and easy-to-manage project that can bring grapes to market one or two months in advance. So, what is the technique of grape cultivation in cold shed?

1. Variety selection

Varieties with high yield, high temperature tolerance, storage and transportation resistance, short dormancy period, short fruit development period, early ripening, moderate growth and disease resistance, such as Jufeng, should be selected.

2. Cold shed construction

Choose the land with flat terrain, fertile soil, leeward to the sun, convenient irrigation and drainage to build the garden, using south-north direction as far as possible, facing south to north, shed height 3: 3.7m (can hang 5 film), width 18cm 24m is suitable, too narrow is not conducive to early heat preservation, too wide is not conducive to ventilation and cooling.

3. Planting management

The planting density varies with varieties, site conditions, shaping methods, seedling resources and other conditions. Generally, the plant spacing of small scaffolding is 0.5m to 0.8m, and the row spacing is 4m. Before planting, high benefit can only be obtained by applying sufficient base fertilizer and implementing high standard garden. The planting method is the same as the conventional tree planting.

4. Pruning

The Beginning of Winter pruned before and after pruning and burying soil to protect against cold, short shoot pruning, thinning dense branches, weak branches and disease and insect branches, leaving one fruit branch every 30cm, which was evenly distributed in the opposite direction.

5. Fruit thinning

Weak and excessive inflorescences were thinned out one week before flowering, leaving about 7 ears per 1m2 shelf. When the ear begins to color, the overdense new shoots on the shelf surface and the shading leaves near the ear should be properly removed to improve the light and promote the coloring. The strong fruit branch leaves one ear, the weak fruit branch does not, and the tip of the main ear is cut off at the same time. From the time of fruit grain size to harvest, the small, diseased and overdense grains were mainly removed during the fruit expansion period, so that the ear was beautiful and nearly conical, and the diseased grains and poorly colored green grains were mainly removed during the harvest period.

6. Temperature and humidity control

Temperature: temperature is the key to determining the grapes in the cold shed. The temperature is 15: 25% during the day and not less than 8 ℃ at night; before germination to flowering: 18: 25 ℃ during the day; before and after flowering, the temperature is slightly higher, 25: 28 ℃ during the day and 18: 22 ℃ at night; from flowering to fruit expansion: 25: 32 ℃ during the day and 15: 18 ℃ at night; fruit coloring to harvest time: no more than 30 ℃ during the day and 15% at night, the temperature difference between day and night is enlarged to promote fruit coloring and sugar accumulation.

Humidity: high temperature and low humidity in the greenhouse is the key to avoid grape diseases. The air humidity in the shed is about 80% from germination to inflorescence protruding, 70% after inflorescence protruding, 65% 70% from flowering to fruit setting, and 75% 80% after fruit setting. For soil moisture, the relative water holding capacity of soil should be kept at 60% and 80% from greenhouse to harvest. In different phenological periods, the water requirement during sprouting and fruit expansion is relatively large, which should be controlled in the range of 70% to 80%. In the process of fruit growth and development, the change of soil water content should be avoided as far as possible to prevent fruit cracking.

7. Fertilizer and water management

Base fertilizer was applied in autumn, sheep manure, barnyard manure and other organic manure were mainly applied in furrow, and the amount of 667m2 applied to young trees was not lower than that of 3m3. The application amount of adult trees is not less than 4m3. After germination, 667m2 topdressing urea 25~30kg, the new shoot grew to about 10c with 0.3% 0.5% urea aqueous solution for foliar topdressing. After that, once every 10-15 days, the high temperature resistance of young shoots can be improved. During the fruit expansion period, the high nitrogen fertilizer containing trace elements and medium element "Songer" was applied again every 25 to 30 days; the initial coloring period of the fruit was combined with 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution for foliar topdressing. Frozen water, sprout water, fruit expansion water, etc., according to the soil water condition to determine whether to irrigate or not, immediately after each fertilization.

8. Pest control

Clean up the dead branches, fallen leaves, rotten fruits and so on before buckling the shed, and burn them centrally. Cut off the diseased branches and remove the old bark with bacteria when cutting in winter. Control flowering diseases and red spiders. At other times, spray 0.3% matrine 600 times and 50% enoylmorpholine (Anke) 1500 times as much as possible to control all kinds of grape diseases and insect pests. Smoking should be used to control grape gray mold after work is over.

Grape cultivation in cold shed should be based on local climate, environment and other factors, according to local conditions, reasonable control of temperature and humidity.