Rural development faces three challenges.

On November 2, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued the Comprehensive implementation Plan for deepening Rural Reform. It is generally believed that the publication of this document means that the top-level design of rural reform has been officially released. In my opinion, the document is a major step forward in rural work towards the rural reform market established at the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee.

Rural development faces three challenges. First, how to make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of land elements and improve the utilization rate of land on the basis of adhering to the combination of unification and division and two-tier management system. The second is how to improve the international competitiveness of China's agricultural products, reduce the cost of agricultural production, and gradually reduce the food cost of the Chinese people. The third is how to combine the new rural construction and urbanization to establish a unified social management system in urban and rural areas, so that farmers can share the benefits of urbanization. Only by allowing qualified farmers to go to cities and training new professional farmers in rural areas can we improve the income level of farmers and the quality of rural construction. Only rich professional farmers have the ability to build a beautiful new countryside.

The Comprehensive implementation Plan for deepening Rural Reform has many bright spots.

First, focus on the membership rights of rural collective economic organizations to create conditions for the reform of rural property rights. In the past, in rural areas, whoever was born in this collective was a member of this collective and enjoyed the collective dividend. In 1995, the Circular of the State Council approving and transferring the opinions of the Ministry of Agriculture on stabilizing and improving the Land contract relationship emphasized that "it is advocated to implement 'increase in population without increase in land, reduction in population without reduction in land' during the contract period." In 2008, the third Plenary session of the 17th CPC Central Committee made it clear that the existing contracting relationship should be stable and remain unchanged for a long time. "unchanged for a long time" means that the membership rights of collective economic organizations will change from "birth empowerment" to "inheritance empowerment". Keeping the contract right unchanged for a long time by the way of inheritance strengthens the property rights of farmers. If farmers' land contract rights change all the time, how can the land management rights be transferred? Therefore, we should make it clear that the land contract right cannot be adjusted according to the birth of the population. With the deepening of the reform, the collective economic membership right can also be formed through "transaction empowerment". The document emphasizes the exploration of the system of paid use of homestead and the mechanism of voluntary paid withdrawal, and also allows the exploration of paid transfer of land contract rights, which are groundbreaking reform opinions, which will give farmers more autonomy and be conducive to the further promotion of the reform of the municipal government.

Second, the organization of the management system clearly proposes to let farmers share the benefits of the industrial chain. In western developed countries, land income accounts for only a small part of farmers' income, and most of it comes from the income of the industrial chain. However, most of the land farmers in our country can only get some income from the land, but not from a series of industrial chains, such as agricultural services, processing, circulation, trading and so on. Sharing the income of the industrial chain depends on the strength of cooperatives, and the document clearly proposes to set up a "demonstration cooperative", which is very loud. In the future, cooperatives should be developed and strengthened through "demonstration cooperatives", and the number of cooperatives should no longer be pursued unilaterally.

Third, vigorously clean up, integrate and standardize financial support for agriculture, and rectify "filial piety, chaos" and agriculture-related special funds that have no obvious effect. In the past, there were some phenomena such as indiscriminate spending and scattered spending of agriculture-related funds. It is now clearly proposed that qualified cooperatives can cooperate in production and operation + credit cooperation, which meets the needs of the rural market economy. Credit cooperation must comply with the regulations, and now there are places to engage in fake cooperation and real fund-raising, which must be seriously rectified.

Fourth, the programme emphasizes the established approach to urban-rural integration. For example, promote the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, and enrich the content of the reform. In the future, efforts should be made to let rural people enjoy the same rights as urban people, lower the threshold for rural people to enter the city, and completely abolish identity discrimination against farmers.

Fifth, the plan further strengthens the construction of grass-roots service-oriented party organizations in rural areas, strengthens the construction of three-level convenient service networks in counties, townships and villages, and requires party organizations to do more practical things for the masses. In recent years, the central government has paid more and more attention to social governance, requiring party organizations to be approachable. The plan recommends the reform experience of Nanhai and Qingyuan in Guangdong, and puts forward the adjustment direction of rural governance mechanism. The experiment of "separation of politics and economy" was carried out in Nanhai District, which reasonably divided the functions of rural grass-roots organizations in rural public affairs and competitive economic affairs. Qingyuan City promotes autonomous organizations to set up appropriate sinking to villagers' groups or natural villages, which is conducive to mobilizing the voluntary service enthusiasm of rural elites.

There are so many bright spots in this document, but the biggest one is the courage to face the difficult problems of reform and encourage local enthusiasm for exploration. The road to reform in China has always been to combine top-level design with local exploration, both of which are indispensable. The release of this plan will push rural reform to a new level.