What are the points for attention in summer pruning of grapes?

The summer weather is hot and dry, but it is also an important period for grape fruit growth and ripening, and it is easy to be attacked by insect pests if it is not managed properly. Summer pruning grapes is one of the common management jobs, so what are the precautions?

First, what are the points for attention in summer pruning of grapes?

1. Wiping buds and fixing shoots

Wipe the buds. It is called sprouting to wipe off the tender shoot before it reaches 5cm. Mainly erase the over-dense buds and the weak buds in the co-growing buds, so that the remaining new shoots have sufficient growth space and more nutrient supply. The principle of wiping buds is: leave sparse but not secret, stay strong but not weak. When wiping buds for the first time, keep 30% more spare buds to prevent accidental folding.

Fix the pin. When the new shoots grow to 10~20cm and display 4 or 5 leaves, fix the shoots again. When the new ends of the single stand are tied vertically, there is about one new tip every 10~15cm, and about 1520 new tips per square meter of the small scaffolding. When keeping shoots, pay attention to the suitable ratio of fruiting branches to vegetative branches at 2:1.

2. Sparse inflorescence

Sparse inflorescences. Inflorescence thinning can be carried out from the length of fruiting branch to 20cm to before flowering. Remove too many inflorescences according to tree strength and fruit-bearing branch strength. Generally, there are 1 ear for each fruiting branch, 2 ears for a few strong branches, and no ear for weak branches.

Pinch the tip of the inflorescence. Pinch the tip of the inflorescence with your finger a week before flowering to remove its full length of 1 / 4 or 1 / 5. After the number of buds on the inflorescence is reduced, the ear is compact and the grain size is neat.

3. Remove the tendrils and tie up the new tips.

Remove the tendrils. If the tendrils of grapes are not removed, it will bring inconvenience to the operation of binding, harvesting, winter shearing, up and down shelves, and waste of nutrition, so it is necessary to remove tendrils regularly.

Tie it up. When the new tip grows to about 40cm, it needs to be tied to the shelf surface. By changing the extension direction of the new shoot and adjusting the growth potential of the new shoot, the weak shoot can be upright bound to enhance its growth potential. The new shoots with moderate growth potential can be tilted and tied, and the over-strong shoots should be tied as horizontally as possible.

4. Pick the heart

To pick the heart is to remove the 5~10cm or so from the top of the new shoot together with several young leaves. Coring is the supply of more nutrients to the ear of flowers, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate and yield.

5. Pruning after harvest

After grape harvest (from the end of May to mid-June), all the new shoots were pruned with 1-3 buds to stimulate winter buds to germinate in the same year, but not to leave ears, but to cultivate new shoots as fruiting mother branches in the second year. Due to the heavy application of Yuezi fertilizer before pruning, the application of Mengli 28 + Ham Hongyun high phosphorus water soluble fertilizer with water flushing or drip irrigation is beneficial to restore tree potential and promote flower bud differentiation next year. After the winter buds germinated, fertilizers should be applied according to the tree potential, and the leaves should be sprayed every 15 to 20 days, so as to increase the leaf area, leaf thickness and brightness as soon as possible, promote better photosynthesis and protect the leaves from bacterial infection.

II. Key points of summer management of grape

1. Water management

In late June, with the rising temperature, the berries grew to the size of soybean grains, and the new shoots also grew vigorously. Leaf water evaporation is getting larger and larger, which is in urgent need of nutrients and water. Therefore, at this time should be combined with the application of fruit fertilizer irrigation fruit water.

2. Timely ploughing

Grape in the later stage of growth and development, often encounter rainy weather timely ploughing and weeding can prevent waterlogging and improve the root growth environment, and can timely eliminate weeds and reduce the harm of diseases and insect pests. It is better to accumulate weeds into organic manure. In the rainy season, the depth of tillage should be about 5 cm, mainly to eliminate weeds, and deep ploughing should be carried out after the rainy season. Ploughing depth of 10-15 cm be careful not to damage the root system of the plant.

3. Post-harvest fertilization

When the root system of grape enters a new growth peak after harvest, organic fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer in time to promote the new root and the growth of the second year. Each plant was fertilized with organic fertilizer 5-8kg + biological bacterial fertilizer 2-3kg + compound fertilizer 1-2kg + trace element bacteria 0.5-1kg, applied in the interrow ditch 30 cm away from the trunk, and then irrigated with fertilizer 30-40 cm deep. So that the grape plants have sufficient time to recuperate and lay the foundation for the growth and development of the second year.