What are the high-yield and high-quality planting techniques of hot pepper?

Pepper is a very common vegetable in our daily life, which contains very high nutrients. At present, there are farmers growing chili peppers all over the country, but do you know what high-yield and high-quality planting techniques there are?

I. planting temperature

The suitable temperature for pepper seed germination is 23-30 ℃. If the temperature is lower than 15 ℃, the seed can not germinate. Pepper seedlings require a higher temperature, the temperature is too low, then the growth will become slow. In the early stage of flowering and fruiting, the suitable temperature is 20-25 ℃ in daytime and 15-20 ℃ at night. In the fruiting period, if the soil temperature is too high, especially when the strong light shines directly on the ground, it is extremely disadvantageous to the growth of pepper root system, and it is easy to cause toxin disease and sunburn disease.

II. Land selection and preparation

When choosing the cultivation land of hot pepper, we should try our best to choose those plots with convenient drainage and irrigation, and carry out deep ploughing. It is best to do winter ploughing, leisure permafrost, so as to improve the soil and eliminate overwintering pests and pathogen spores.

Before planting, it is necessary to prepare the land and make the border. The width of the border is generally 1.3-1.7m (continuous ditch), and 2-3 rows are planted. At the same time, 50-80 kilograms of rotten barnyard manure, 15 kilograms of superphosphate and 25 kilograms of plant ash should be applied per mu as base fertilizer.

Raising seedlings and sowing seeds

Here, I would like to introduce the method of raising seedlings in small plastic arch shed.

1. Seedbed treatment

First of all, it is necessary to choose plots with north to south, high dry water, convenient water sources and unplanted Solanaceae crops as seedbeds. Secondly, the nursery bed had better dig deep into the baking soil, sprinkle a layer of human and animal dung on it, dry it and then cover it with a thin film to prevent the loss of fertilizer when it rains.

2. Sowing seeds

Before sowing, we need to fully wet the bed soil, and then fine and level it. After sowing, cover the seeds with fine soil mixed with old bran ash or coal ash, the thickness of which is about 2cm, and the cover seeds shall prevail. Then it can be watered. After the water is collected, the plastic film should be covered. Finally, a small arch frame is formed with a thin bamboo pole or piece of bamboo, which is about 0.5m high. The film is covered on the arch frame, and the film is compacted with soil, which is conducive to windproof. It is recommended that both sides be pressed with bricks, so that the film can be uncovered at any time to facilitate ventilation.

IV. Seedbed management

The period from sowing to pre-emergence generally does not need to be managed. When it is found that seedlings begin to emerge, the plastic film should be removed immediately, otherwise tall seedlings will be formed. After emergence, it is necessary to do a good job of ventilation. On a sunny day, the film can be opened at 9: 00 in the morning and still covered at 4: 00 in the afternoon. Try to be ventilated even on rainy days.

When it is found that the bed soil is white and the seedlings wilt, they need to be watered. Two hours after watering, check again, if it is found that the local part is still dry, it is necessary to replenish water to make the seedling growth consistent. Rainy days and frozen days do not need watering, otherwise the humidity will be too high, resulting in lower bed temperature, which is prone to disease. In snowy weather, you can also cover grass windows, cover them with a layer of film, and install electric lights in the bed, which is beneficial to prevent cold and protect seedlings.

5. Colonization

It is appropriate to plant pepper with soil temperature above 15 ℃. Early planting will lead to slow growth and flower drop because of low soil temperature, which can not achieve the goal of precocious maturity. The planting distance depends on the specific conditions of early-maturing varieties and late-maturing varieties. Farmers should choose a sunny afternoon to carry out planting work, but the seedbed will be watered in the morning, which is more conducive to pulling seedlings.

VI. Weeding by ploughing

After the planting survived, ploughing once in time. The plant began to grow, focusing on ploughing once. Before the plant is closed, ploughing again. It is necessary to combine weeding and soil cultivation when ploughing.

VII. fertilizer and water management

1. Fertilization

After planting, it is necessary to apply seedling fertilizer on a sunny day, and the dosage should not be too much or too thick each time, otherwise it will easily lead to overgrowth and delay flowering and fruiting. When waiting for the first or second layer to bear fruit, more fertilizer should be applied to promote the growth of the fruit.

2. Irrigation

After the fruit is picked, it is more necessary for the soil to have sufficient fertilizer and water before the plant can grow and bear fruit normally. If it rains heavily after watering and before the soil is dry, the phenomenon of fallen leaves and dead plants will be quite common, especially during the period from ups and downs to the Beginning of Autumn. Therefore, in irrigation, farmers must decide the irrigation time according to the weather forecast. Irrigation depth should not exceed 3/4 of the furrow, and should be carried out in the evening or early morning, and urgent irrigation and drainage.

VIII. Harvest and seed retention

1. Harvest

In most cases, we will harvest green fruit for fresh food, but we will also harvest red fruit. If you want to dry chili peppers, you must harvest ripe red fruits. Harvest should be timely, otherwise it will affect the growth and fruit of the plant.

2. Keep the seed

According to the characteristics of the variety, the standard plant is selected and affixed with the mark as the remaining seed plant. The first layer of fruit will be harvested and listed as soon as possible, leaving 2-4 layers of fruit as seed fruit, which can be harvested after red ripening, but it is still necessary to further select the fruit with the characteristics of this variety. Put the picked fruit in a cool place and ripen it for 5-7 days, then cut open and take out the seeds, then dry them and store them.

This is the end of the high-yield and high-quality pepper planting technology. I don't know if you have learned it.