How can summer watermelons be guaranteed to sit on melons? Which diseases and insect pests should be controlled?

Summer is the time when watermelons are on the market, but high temperatures often affect their fruit setting rate. If the fruit setting rate is high, the income of growers will be higher, so everyone is very concerned about this problem. Then how to ensure that the summer watermelon can sit on the melon? Which diseases and insect pests should be controlled?

First, how to ensure that the summer watermelon is sitting on the melon?

1. Fertilizer and water management should be just right.

To ensure that watermelons sit normally, fertilizer and water management is also very important. Due to the short growth period of over-summer watermelon, bio-organic fertilizer can be used with 300-400 kg per mu and increased application of phosphorus and potash fertilizer. It is necessary to apply less nitrogen fertilizer as far as possible. if the watermelon is applied too much nitrogen fertilizer during the growth period, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is insufficient, it will make the plant grow too much and make it difficult to sit on the melon. Watering critical period before and after watermelon flowering, if you see the leaves or melon vine bibcock leaflets close together, the leaf color is dark, the bibcock drooping, it should be watered in time, otherwise it is easy to cause falling flowers or melons.

2. Look at the flower shape and recognize the melon.

The ovary of early-maturing watermelon is generally round or oblong, the fruit stalk is thick and long, with few hairs, and the female flowers with larger petals are easy to sit on the melon. The ovary of mid-and late-maturing watermelon is oblong, the fruit stalk is thick and long, fluffy, the female flower with large petals is easy to sit melon, and the melon is large and of good quality. On the contrary, it is not easy to sit on a melon.

Due to the high temperature in summer, watermelons are prone to lack of boron, resulting in flowers but not fruit, so it is necessary to spray boron fertilizer before flowering. 1500-2000 times liquid of golden butterfly boron can be used.

3. Recognize melons by their growth

If the Internode of the watermelon plant becomes longer, the petiole is slender, the leaf is thin and narrow, the leaf color is light green, and the petiole length is longer than the leaf length, which indicates that the vegetative growth is too prosperous and the overgrowth occurs, and the female flower of such plant opens late and is not easy to bear melon. If the plant grows too weak, the main vine becomes thinner, the leaf becomes smaller, the petiole is thin and short, the leaf becomes thinner, the leaf color is dim, the female flower opens earlier, and the ovary becomes smaller and round, although such a plant is easy to sit melon, but often because of abnormal development of melons and the formation of deformed melons or lead to melons.

Under the premise of taking cooling measures, the overgrown plants can be controlled by spraying 1500-fold solution; for weak-growing plants, the combination of sprinkler and irrigation can be used to promote the growth of weak plants, that is, spraying 1500-fold solution of chitin on the leaf surface; irrigation is to apply root-promoting bacterial fertilizer along with water flushing.

Second, which diseases and insect pests should be controlled by summer watermelons?

1. Watermelon anthracnose

Most of them are transmitted by seed-borne bacteria. If the disease is infected in the later stage, a large number of conidia will be produced in the disease department, which will be transmitted by Rain Water and irrigation for the second infection. At present, it is the high incidence period of watermelon anthracnose in open field in summer. The actual production shows that the disease of continuous cropping land will be more serious with low-lying terrain, poor drainage, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and poor ventilation.

2. Watermelon blight

Also known as Phytophthora blight, commonly known as "dead seedling", is a kind of soil-borne fungal disease, which can occur in the seedling and adult stage of watermelon, especially in the late growth stage of watermelon, under the condition of high temperature and heavy rain, the disease is rapid and serious; the general rainy season comes early, the precipitation time is long, the rainfall is big, the disease is early, the disease is serious, and the loss is big. The peak of disease in the field is often immediately after the peak of rainfall. The temperature limit for the onset of the disease was 5-37 ℃.

3. Watermelon vine blight

Caused by fungal infection. The large change of temperature, high temperature and high humidity can easily accelerate the spread of the disease. In addition, the disease is serious under the conditions of continuous cropping of melons, low-lying terrain, dense branches, poor ventilation, high humidity, weak crop growth and so on.