Key points of cultivation techniques of early ripening Tomato

Tomato is planted in many places in China, and there are many varieties, among which the early tomato market time is relatively early, and the economic benefits are also high, but it is more difficult to manage.

1. variety selection

Tomato growth habits like temperature is not cold-resistant, also not heat-resistant, so should choose early maturity, low-temperature resistant varieties of high yield and high resistance, such as Zaofeng, Qiangfeng and so on.

2. seedbed (hotbed) construction

The heat will be easy to cattle, horses and other raw manure mixed with human manure placed in the pit bed, compacted about 20 cm lower than the seedbed, covered with a thin layer of soil after uniform sowing, and then covered with appropriate fine manure. Then water until the seedbed is moist and spray disinfectant (usually with 1% lime water). Then bamboo poles for arch frame, covered with plastic film.

3. timely sowing

Generally, the seedling stage is about 60 days, and the planting is in late February, so the sowing date is suitable for late December.

4. Seedbed management

Temperature management: pay attention to the daily temperature and greenhouse temperature records, the greenhouse temperature must be kept above 2°C (below 2°C there is frost damage). When it is cold in winter, the heat generated by the heat-generating substances in the bed cannot guarantee that the temperature in the shed exceeds 2 ° C, so it is necessary to cover the straw curtain (the thickness of the straw curtain is about 10 cm), and use heating measures such as electric lamps to ensure that the tomato seedlings are not frozen.

Water management: should be watered at the appropriate time, keep the seedbed moist, in order to avoid higher temperatures caused by excessive growth of seedlings, while paying attention to weed removal.

5. Field management

Soil preparation and basal fertilizer application: tomato planting plots require slightly acidic soil with convenient irrigation, good ventilation and strong fertilizer conservation.

Planting: The planting density of early-maturing tomato is generally 22500-27000 plants/hm2. The cultivation standard is 130cm×60cm, the strip distance is 130cm, the plant distance is 60cm, the staggered nest double row, the single plant planting, the density is about 25500 plants/hm2.

Topdressing: Tomatoes are vegetables that grow and bear fruit one after another. They need a lot of fertilizer. In addition to applying a lot of base fertilizer, they also need topdressing 5 to 6 times during their growth period. Apply fresh water fertilizer once 5-6 days after planting to promote seedling growth, depending on plant growth later. Early fertilization of early maturing varieties did not cause excessive growth, and topdressing mainly depended on fresh water fertilizer (clear manure water or urea water) during growth period, and P and K fertilizers were added during fruiting period.

Moisture: Proper drying of the soil at the early stage of tomato growth can promote deep root development. The soil should be kept moist during the flowering and fruiting period. The soil is too dry and easy to cause umbilicus rot. Therefore, irrigation should be used in the early stage to prevent drought. Soil moisture should be kept above 70% of the maximum field moisture capacity before flowering and 80% during fruiting.

Scaffolding and pruning: When the height of tomato plants exceeds 30 cm, it is necessary to erect brackets and tie vines. Each plant uses bamboo poles of about 2m. The bamboo poles used by adjacent two plants in each ditch are folded into a frame. The frames are connected with horizontal bamboo and tightened to prevent wind from falling.

Pest control: In seedling stage should pay attention to trap small cutworm, mole cricket, or take enemy kill and other pesticides sprayed at the roots of seedlings, in case of being bitten or bitten stem base. When ventilation and poor air permeability, tomatoes are prone to gray mold or black heart fruit, spraying 0.4% lime water every 7-10 days during growth.