Promoting the healthy Development of Grain Industry by guiding consumption

China is not only a big country of grain production, but also a big country of grain consumption, but also a big country of grain waste. One of the main reasons is that people lose and waste a lot in food consumption. In order to cater to people's unhealthy grain consumption, China's grain industry has also embarked on the road of "abnormal" in varying degrees.

At the source of grain production, it is not difficult to find that the pursuit of high grain yield has become the primary goal of many grain growers. Under the pattern of land "predatory" management, grain producers continue to increase the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The average amount of chemical fertilizer per mu of crops in China is 21.9 kg, which is much higher than the world average (8 kg per mu), 2.6 times that of the United States and 2.5 times that of the European Union. Although the area of cultivated land in China is less than 10% of the world's total, the amount of chemical fertilizer used is close to 1 of the world's total, which has become the main cause of agricultural non-point source pollution. The average annual use of pesticides in crop pest control from 2012 to 2014 was 311000 tons, an increase of 9.2 per cent over 2009-2011.

Excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides brings a vicious circle of increase in cost, environmental pollution and decline of soil fertility. The grain produced by this unhealthy mode of production, although the output is high, but the nutritional value is low, so it is becoming more and more unpopular in the market. We can only rely on the state protective price policy to buy into the national granary, and when the policy grain price is much higher than the market price and the international market price, it not only occupies a large amount of the national granary, but also is difficult to be "auctioned" for longer and longer. quality decline or even aging, and ultimately can not be used as a huge waste of food consumption.

With the improvement of income level, people are more and more inclined to milled rice noodles. In fact, milled rice noodles are the product of grain overprocessing. Different from ordinary commodities, vitamins and a variety of trace elements in food products are rich in nutrients for the human body, all in the epidermis and embryos of rice and wheat. The overprocessed rice noodle products remove all the epidermis and embryos. Especially in rice processing, after removing the rice skin and embryo, it is still polished one by one, leaving only sugar and carbohydrates. The disappearance of effective nutrients in the transitional processing process not only reduced the natural nutrients of rice noodles, but also virtually reduced the yield of rice noodles, resulting in a waste of food.

According to the estimates of relevant experts, in the rice processing link, with each additional polishing, the rice yield will be reduced by 1%, and the annual grain loss will be more than 7 billion jin; in the wheat processing link, the loss rate will be about 2%, and the grain loss will be about 5 billion jin. According to comprehensive calculation, the annual grain loss caused by transitional processing in China is more than 15 billion jin, and more than 100 billion jin of grain is wasted in people's consumption. It is calculated that the per capita grain consumption in China in 2014 is about 922jin, which is relative to the annual grain consumption of 125 million people.

There are many reasons for food waste in production and processing, and an important aspect is the lack of publicity and guidance on grain consumption. At present, people's "abnormal" and wasteful grain consumption has brought about the unhealthy development of China's grain industry.

To change China's current "abnormal" grain consumption pattern, and then to promote the healthy development of the grain industry, we should start with guiding people's consumption and take more measures at the same time.

Cognitive link: from appearance to appearance and nutrition

Food is an indispensable necessity for people to eat three meals a day. The nutritional value of grain is directly related to people's health. Scientific consumption of grain is a very realistic problem that people need to face seriously after the gradual increase in income.

"Beautiful in color, smell and taste" is the natural choice of people's diet. In terms of grain consumption, how can we achieve "delicious color, fragrance and taste"?

"Color and fragrance" actually refers to the appearance of grain. In an era when people's living standards are improving day by day, there is nothing wrong with the requirements for the appearance of grain. Grain producers and processors should try their best to meet the needs of consumers in the process of production and processing.

According to the needs of different consumers, producers can produce food of different colors when producing food. Such as white rice, red rice, black rice, green rice and so on. As long as efforts are made to cultivate varieties and produce grain with different appearance, it is not difficult.

People's demand for "delicious" reflects the demand for nutrition. According to modern science and technology, it is very easy to produce "delicious" food products that people need. However, "delicious" food products are not products with rich nutritional value.

The over-processed grain products are very good-looking from the outside. Such as over-processed rice, glittering and translucent, the rice grain size is the same, but the nutritional value is very low. Due to the loss of vitamins, trace elements and other substances needed by the human body in the process of transitional processing, people will appear so-called "modern diseases" in varying degrees after eating this kind of food: hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.

In the multimedia era, the relevant state departments should make good use of a variety of media to widely publicize the new concept of scientific grain consumption. It is necessary to make people eat well, fully and nutritionally.

Production link: from quantity to both quantity and quality

Blindly pursuing the output of grain is bound to cause grain quality to be out of sync. In the era of highly developed science and technology, grain production should develop from quantity to both quantity and quality.

Reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and focusing on the use of farm fertilizers and organic fertilizers can not only improve soil fertility and reduce insecticidal costs, but also produce food products that are beneficial to people's worry and health.

Efforts should be made in six aspects in the scientific use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. It is necessary to extensively carry out soil testing formula, accurate fertilization, improve the utilization rate of fertilizer; reasonable farming, enhance fertilizer efficiency, improve economic efficiency; organic substitution, comprehensive fertilization, improve resource utilization rate; do a good job in disease and pest forecasting, accurate use of drugs, improve insecticidal efficiency; promote new drugs, limit the use of drugs, improve agricultural use efficiency; replace prevention and control, stay away from pesticides, and improve economic and social benefits.

Production of green, organic, pollution-free products. It is necessary to establish and maintain a good natural ecological environment, carry out the whole process quality control of grain products "from land to table", and carry out unified marking and management of grain products in accordance with the law. On this basis, according to the production requirements of organic food, the use of synthetic substances such as pesticides, chemical fertilizers, herbicides, synthetic pigments, hormones, preservatives and flavors is absolutely prohibited in the process of grain production and processing. A new production and monitoring system is established, and corresponding alternative technologies such as pest control, soil fertility maintenance, seed cultivation and product processing and storage are adopted.

Production of high-quality grain products. Seed is the key to the quality of grain. Only high-quality varieties can produce high-quality grain, and only high-quality grain can win the favor of consumers. Only by winning the favor of consumers can it be used effectively. The relevant state and local departments should increase the cultivation and promotion of high-quality grain varieties, improve the policy of purchasing grain at protected prices, and encourage grain processing enterprises to produce high-quality grain in the original environment.

Processing: from emphasis on taste to equal emphasis on taste and nutrition

Grain processing is a necessary link for grain from production to circulation, and then to thousands of households. Only by doing a good job of processing, can we control the healthy consumption of grain.

For a period of time, people are always interested in saying that consumption determines production. From an economic point of view, there is no problem. However, it is not necessarily scientific in terms of affecting people's health. Some consumers need something that is not necessarily healthy. Even what most consumers need is not necessarily healthy because of misunderstandings.

In the face of grain products that directly affect the consumption of tens of millions of people, we should promote production and guide consumption.

In real life, people always complain about the low nutritional value of good-looking food, but the food with rich nutritional value does not taste good. In order to meet people's demand for the appearance of grain consumption and the nutritional value of grain consumption, grain processing enterprises are required to make full use of modern processing technology while preserving the nutritional content of grain as much as possible. solve the taste problem. At the same time, it is also necessary to produce "functional" food according to the consumption needs of different people. It can not only meet people's requirements for food and diet, but also play an auxiliary role in dietotherapy.