Typhoon Lekima disaster recovery technical guidance: Rice, soybean, corn growers must see!

Recently, due to the influence of Typhoon Lekima, the rainfall in Northeast China has brought great disasters to crops. In view of this, the expert guidance group of the Ministry of Agriculture and villages, together with the National Agricultural Technology extension Service Center, put forward the production technical guidance of anti-waterlogging and anti-low temperature. Take rice, corn and soybeans as examples to see how to stop the loss and reduce the damage in time.

I. Rice

1. Drainage and waterlogging reduction to promote early maturity

The flooded paddy field should remove the stagnant water in the field as soon as possible, prevent the decay of stems and leaves and rotten roots caused by the stagnant water for a long time, and reduce the effect of waterlogging on the growth of rice. At the same time, the regulation of water and fertilizer should be strengthened to ensure that the sensitive period of reproductive growth avoids low temperature as far as possible and reduces the rate of empty shell. According to the situation, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or early ripening agent was sprayed on the leaves from the full heading stage to the middle filling stage to speed up grain filling, improve the ability to resist low temperature and grain plumpness, and promote the safe ripening of rice.

2. Prevent early frost

Keep abreast of the real-time monitoring of temperature changes and frost, and make material and technical preparations ahead of time. When there is light frost in the middle of September, irrigation with shallow water can reduce the harm; once early frost occurs, artificial smoking and frost prevention should be carried out quickly to reduce the adverse effects of early frost, and at the same time prolong the ripening time of rice and improve the yield and quality.

3. Lodging prevention

Where there is a habit of applying grain fertilizer, it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizer or decrease nitrogen fertilizer or increase potassium fertilizer according to the growth of rice, so as to increase the lodging resistance of plants. For those who have lodged rice, those who have fallen at the base can not be supported, the leaves of the ears close to the ground can be separated by wooden sticks, and then wash the soil with water to prevent the ears from rotting; those that fall obliquely and the ears are close to the ground should be lifted, and there is no need to take measures if the ears and leaves are not attached to the ground.

4. Prevent diseases and insect pests

Strengthen the monitoring and early warning of diseases and insect pests and seize the sunny weather for spray control. Rice neck blast was mainly controlled at the end of booting and full heading stage, and grain blast and branch blast were controlled 15 days after heading, so as to create conditions for the robust growth of rice.

2. Corn

1. Drainage and waterlogging reduction to promote recovery

Corn fields with stagnant water should be drained as soon as possible, reduce field humidity, and fertilize in time. The lodging corn, especially the creeping corn, should be righted in time, and the soil should be cultivated 7cm in the root and firmly planted. In the land with serious broken stalk, the broken plants should be removed from the field as soon as possible, so as not to affect the normal plant growth, and at the same time, other crops with short growth period should be replanted according to local conditions.

2. fertilizer and water regulation to promote precocious puberty

For maize with delayed growth and development, timely and appropriate spraying of available fertilizer or a small amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can enhance the stress resistance of the plant. Spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and growth regulators which can promote early maturity in the late filling stage of corn can speed up corn filling, improve seed setting rate and promote safe ripening of corn.

3. Prevent cold injury

Strengthen contact with meteorological departments, timely grasp the real-time monitoring of temperature changes and frost, and timely release early frost early warning information. Conditional corn fields can be irrigated 2 days before frost to increase soil moisture, increase soil temperature and reduce the harm of low temperature frost; once early frost occurs, artificial smoking and frost prevention should be carried out quickly to reduce the adverse effects of early frost. at the same time, properly prolong the ripening time and improve the yield and quality of corn.

4. Prevent diseases and insect pests

Take advantage of sunny weather for spray control, focusing on the control of diseases and insect pests such as corn borer, armyworm and leaf spot. Give full play to the role of professional pest prevention and control team, apply machinery (UAV) to carry out centralized spraying operation, carry out unified control, and improve the effect of pest prevention and control.

3. Soybean

1. Fertilizer and water management to promote precocity.

Soybean fields with low-lying areas prone to waterlogging and large areas of open water should be dredged ditches and seepage ditches in time to speed up drainage and dissipate soil moisture. In conditional areas, by means of aeronautical and chemical operation, potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus micro-fertilizer such as rice vinegar or boron and molybdenum can be sprayed at the grain filling stage of soybean to accelerate the accumulation of dry matter in seeds, promote early maturity and increase grain weight.

2. Prevention and control of diseases and pests to reduce losses

Closely monitor the diseases and insect pests in the field, make a good forecast, and take pesticide control in time. Focus on the control of soybean gray spot, downy mildew, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and soybean heart borer and other diseases and insects. In addition, weeds should be removed in time and weeds should be pulled out manually before the formation of grass seeds, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, promote ripening and yield increase.

3. Artificial smoking to prevent early frost

Pay attention to the weather change in real time. At 2-3 am, when the temperature drops to the critical temperature of crop damage 1Mel 2 ℃, the method of artificial smoking is adopted to prevent early frost. In the upwind of the immature soybean plot, straw, leaves and weeds were ignited and burned slowly, so that the ground was covered with smoke, increased the temperature near the ground by 1 ℃, changed the local environment, and reduced the harm of frost. In addition, chemical drugs such as red phosphorus are burned in the field to form a smoke screen, which also has anti-frost effect.