Speed up the establishment of a long-term mechanism for compensation of interests in major grain producing areas

In recent years, although the state has continuously increased support for production in the main grain producing areas, the problems of low income growth of grain farmers and slow economic development in the main grain producing areas still exist, affecting the enthusiasm of farmers and local governments to develop grain production. Under the new situation, it is more important to ensure the grain production capacity of the main producing areas and the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain. It is of great significance to carry out research on interest compensation mechanism in main grain producing areas and promote sustainable development of main grain producing areas by establishing long-term interest compensation mechanism to ensure national food security.

The main grain producing areas have made important contributions to national food security

In recent years, due to the continuous improvement of grain production policies, the grain sown area in the main grain producing areas has been continuously increased, and the grain output in the main grain producing areas has continued to grow. In 2013, the 13 major grain-producing provinces accounted for 71.7 per cent of the country's grain sown area and 76.0 per cent of its grain output; the seven major marketing provinces accounted for 5.4 per cent of the country's grain sown area and 5.5 per cent of its grain output. The main producing areas have made significant contributions to China's food security.

The existing grain support policy is not enough to meet the needs of farmers to increase income

(1) The state grain support policy has promoted grain production in the main producing areas well, but the benefits of grain cultivation are relatively low. Since the reform and opening up, the proportion of grain output in major producing provinces has been higher than that of sown area, and the gap has gradually widened in recent years. The gap was less than 1 percentage point in 2005 and expanded to more than 4 percentage points in 2013. The national grain support policy has promoted grain production well, and the grain yield in the main producing areas is higher than the national average level. However, the added value of primary industry in major grain producing areas is lower than the national average level. 2001-2012 The annual added value of the primary industry in the main producing areas accounts for 63-68% of the whole country, which is always lower than the proportion of grain output. After 2007, the gap will increase to 8-9 percentage points, and the grain production efficiency in the main grain producing areas will be relatively low.

(II) The net income from household operation in the main producing areas is an important source of farmers 'income, but the contribution rate of subsidized income to income increase is lower than the national average level, and the subsidies for grain cultivation need to be further improved. Since 2001, the proportion of net income from household management in the main producing areas to total income has been 3-5 percentage points higher than the national average level, and the contribution rate to income increase is obviously higher than the national average level. It is an important source of farmers 'income. The main producing areas have contributed a lot to the national food security, but the proportion of subsidy income obtained by the main producing provinces has been lower than the national average for many years, so the subsidies for grain cultivation in the main producing areas should be greatly increased.

(3) Large-scale management is an important way for grain farmers to increase their income. The research group conducted a questionnaire survey on farmers 'income in some areas of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. The results show that: (1) migrant workers are not the main income of farmers. (2) Livestock farming is a supplement to farmers 'income from growing grain. (3) Large-scale management is an important way to increase farmers 'income.

The greater the contribution made by major grain producing areas to national food security, the heavier the burden they bear

(1) The net profit of grain production has not been significantly improved, and some provinces have even declined. In 2008, the average net profit per mu of grain production in the thirteen major producing provinces was 199.6 yuan per mu, rising only to 233.9 yuan in 2012 and falling to 121.5 yuan in 2013.

(2) The gap between the net profit of cultivated land and that of state-owned construction land has widened year by year. In 2008, the net profit difference between cultivated land and state-owned construction land in 13 major producing provinces was 315,000 yuan per mu, and expanded to 518,000 yuan in 2011.

(3) The income level of farmers in the main production areas is much lower than that in the main sales areas. In 2013, the per capita net income of rural residents in only six of the 13 major grain-producing provinces was higher than the national average, while the other seven provinces were lower than the national average. In the income composition of farmers in the main grain selling areas, the proportion of wage income, transfer income and property income is much higher than that of farmers in the main producing areas. The income level of farmers in the main marketing areas is much higher than that of farmers in the main production areas, and agricultural production is no longer the primary choice for farmers 'income in the main marketing areas.

(4) The major grain provinces are all financially poor provinces. Judging from the per capita fiscal revenue of the major grain producing areas in the past six years, except Hubei, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia, the per capita fiscal revenue of the other ten major producing provinces is lower than the national average level. The financial situation of the main grain marketing areas is far better than that of the main grain producing areas, and the per capita financial income of the seven main marketing provinces is higher than the national average level.