Where is the origin of Qiuyue pear?

The flesh of Qiuyue pear is white and bright, like sheep fat, the water is very sufficient, and it is very smooth to eat. So where is the origin of Qiuyue pear?

Where is the origin of Qiuyue pear?

Qiuyue pear is produced in Japan and is a hybrid pear variety introduced from Japan. It is mainly planted in the north of China and Jiaodong region.

Second, the characteristics of Qiuyue pear

Qiuyue pear flat and round, generally bagged growth, mature yellow skin, the surface is covered with spots, but the taste is much better than other pears. The flesh of Qiuyue pear is white and bright, like lanolin, and its sweetness can reach 16 degrees of sugar (usually 11 to 12 degrees of sugar for sweeter watermelons). The water content of Qiuyue pear is super high, it can reach more than 80%, and the juice flows across a mouthful. You can even squeeze out the most natural pear juice directly by hand, which generally tastes like a granular sand, but Qiuyue pear is very smooth.

Third, cultivation techniques of Qiuyue pear

1. Scientific establishment of garden

Choose the land with watering conditions and fertile soil to build a garden. When building a garden, we should choose big seedlings and strong seedlings. When planting, it is decided whether to dig the planting hole according to the soil condition. The hills and mountains need to dig planting holes, clear gravel, guest soil and backfill soil. For plain sandy loam, there is no need to dig planting holes.

two。 Planting density

In the fertile plain, the plant row spacing is 1m × 4m or 2m × 4m in the early stage, 2m × 4m or 4m × 4m in the later stage (8-9 years later), 0.75m × 4m or 1m × 3m in the hilly area, and 1.5m × 4m or 2m × 3m in the later stage. Pollination tree varieties can be selected with higher economic value, such as Nanshui and Xishui, and the proportion of pollination trees is 7-8 ∶ 1.

3. Flower and fruit management

In order to save nutrients and increase the number of fruits, the whole inflorescence should be removed at a certain distance during the inflorescence separation period of Qiuyue pear (usually in the first ten days of April in Jiaodong area). In the actual production, in order to improve the work efficiency, one inflorescence is generally left according to the distance of 25cm, and the rest of the inflorescence is removed. Artificial pollination with mixed pollen can significantly increase the number of fruits. Pollination begins when the pear blossoms are 25% blooming, with sunny weather, breeze or no wind, and the effect is better after 9: 00 a. M. The first to second marginal flowers at the base of the inflorescence were selected for pollination. Artificial fruit thinning, first of all, the disease and insect damage, poor fertilization, incorrect shape, leaf grinding fruit, Chaotian fruit, drooping fruit are removed. Although the fruit upright and upward "Chaotian fruit" grows well in the young fruit stage, it is easy to bend the fruit diameter and make the fruit shape incorrect in the fruit expansion period. Therefore, those young fruits that grow horizontally on both sides of the fruiting branch group should be retained. The "drooping fruit" that grows downward in the young fruit should not be retained as far as possible. According to our observation, the calyx of the fruit is downward, and the fruit is obviously smaller. Bagging began on the 45th day after Xie Hua. The double-layer bag with outer ash and inner black is the best, and the specification is generally 165mm × 198mm. Wet mouth treatment should be done before bagging, and the mouth of the bag should be tightened to prevent pests such as pear planthopper, Kang's pink scale and yellow powder insect from entering the bag.

4. Fertilizer and water management

Qiuyue pear belongs to sand pear, has strict requirements for fertilizer and water, and likes big fat and big water. The principle of fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilizer. In general, before freezing, 4-6-year-old trees were treated with granular organic fertilizer 150-200kg with more than 30% organic matter per mu, and 100-150kg nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer was added. In order to improve fruit quality and prevent physiological diseases, 150g borax (not applied every year, but every other year), 200g calcium nitrate, 1-1.5kg of crushed peanut shell (or rice husk), 100L fermentation broth of EM bacteria, 0.250.3 kg of peat soil and 8-10g magnesium sulfate (to improve the surface light of fruit) were applied according to each tree soil. Shallow fertilization is recommended, and 10-20cm under the soil is generally appropriate. Topdressing should be in the first ten days of August, that is, the late stage of fruit growth, mainly available nitrogen fertilizer. Foliar spraying fertilizer should be carried out 4-5 times a year.

5. Shaping and pruning

The suitable tree shape is small crown sparse layer shape and Japanese and Korean scaffolding shape. When plastic surgery, do not be too rigid, should be based on the principle of making measures according to the tree and shaping with the branches. The extension branch of the middle trunk should be a little heavier and shorter, and the general length should be 50-60 cm, in order to prevent the upper part from being too strong. As the branches of Qiuyue pear are erect and hard, we should pay attention to the opening of branches as soon as possible in the young tree stage (July-August). The pruning of young trees is mainly light pruning, especially for the extended branches of the main branches, the general cutting length is 70~80cm. The main fruit of Qiuyue pear is short fruit branch. Therefore, the method of first cutting and then shrinking should be adopted for the culture of fruiting branches, that is, the medium and long branches should be cut lightly and then retracted to the place where there are branches after the flower buds are formed at the back. Do not cut short the small developing branches so as to avoid overpruning. The developing branches of the inner chamber which are not reserved as the main branches should be released slowly to cultivate auxiliary branches and bear fruit as soon as possible. After entering the fruiting period, according to the specific situation, the overdeveloped auxiliary branches should be retracted in time, and do not let them destroy the tree structure. Because the upper branch of the back is too prosperous, it is generally treated by thinning method. During summer pruning, the upper dorsal branches, overgrown branches and competitive branches were properly thinned to maintain the growth advantage of the main branches.

6. Disease prevention and cure

Before sprouting in late March, 4-5 Baumedo stone sulfur mixture was sprayed in rain shape; during the inflorescence separation period in early April, 2.0% abamectin EC 4000-6000 times + 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 1000 times + 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times liquid spray. Ten days after anthesis, 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 1500 times + 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000 times liquid spray.

Although Qiuyue pear tastes sweet, it is not resistant to storage and must be eaten or sold as soon as possible.