Culture technique of soft-shelled turtle in outer pond

The so-called healthy ecological culture of soft-shelled turtle refers to choosing a scientific culture management mode according to the physiological and ecological requirements of normal growth and activities of soft-shelled turtle, and providing the most suitable culture environment under artificial control, so as to make the activity and function of soft-shelled turtle normal, improve the ability of disease resistance and stress response, and make the most effective use of production and environmental resources to make it grow healthily and rapidly in a good ecological environment. According to the actual culture situation of soft-shelled turtle farmers in recent years, this paper briefly discusses the healthy ecological culture technology in the outer pond of soft-shelled turtle, which can be used as a reference for turtle farmers.

Culture technique of soft-shelled turtle in outer pond

First, do a good job in pond cleaning and disinfection: newly excavated ponds can be disinfected with conventional quicklime; soft-shelled turtles that have been raised for several years should release dry water to their frozen exposure when they are free in winter. 20-30 days before stocking for cleaning and disinfection, it is generally better to clear the pond with quicklime, which can not only sterilize but also improve the bottom quality, and buffer the change of water quality in the process of breeding. About 10 days before stocking, filling the pond water with chlorine dioxide or strong chlorine essence for water disinfection, and the proper application of biological fertilizer and fermented organic fertilizer is very beneficial for the soft-shelled turtle to go into the pond and create a better hidden environment for the soft-shelled turtle. reduce mutual bites and diseases.

Second, to control the quality of soft-shelled turtle species: it is best to choose local soft-shelled turtles or Japanese soft-shelled turtles. If it is a soft-shelled turtle species cultivated in a culture greenhouse, it is best not to separate cultivation and start fishing in the whole greenhouse cultivation process, and try not to use or use less antibiotics as far as possible. Such high-quality soft-shelled turtle species will grow smoothly and grow fast and have high yield in the outer pond. The proportion of large-size commercial soft-shelled turtles is high.

Third, control the stocking density and improve the stocking specifications: according to the breeding experience, ecological culture in the outer pond: it is best to strengthen the juvenile turtle in a small pond to 30-50 grams per larva before restocking, such seedlings have a strong physique, it is easy to adapt to the changes in the external pond environment, improve the survival rate of culture, 70% and 80% can reach commercial soft-shelled turtle in the second year. If you want to develop commercial soft-shelled turtles in that year, the best stocking specification is 250-350 grams per turtle. The suitable stocking density is 1.5-3.0ind / m2 (1000-2000 pieces / mu), and the stocking number of soft-shelled turtle species is generally controlled at 300,600ind / mu when mixed culture of fish and soft-shelled turtle.

Fourth, strictly grasp the feed quality: at present, feed manufacturers and brands are very miscellaneous. The healthy breeding of soft-shelled turtle must be fed with high-quality feed, and the full-price compound feed produced by manufacturers with excellent reputation and quality should be selected. First of all, the feed should be fresh and non-deteriorating, the storage time should not be too long after processing, and the particle size should be appropriate. The second is to strictly control and adjust the daily feeding amount, which is mainly based on the feeding situation of soft-shelled turtle and the changes of weather, temperature and water quality.

Attach importance to water quality regulation and control

1. The water body of the soft-shelled turtle pond is required to be slightly alkaline, with a PH value of 7.5-8.5. It is usually best to apply quicklime midway every month, with a dosage of 10-15 grams per cubic meter.

2. The water quality maintains a certain fatness, the transparency is 25-30 cm, and the water color is yellowish green or tea-brown.

3. Water quality regulation and sediment improvement. At present, the effect of using beneficial microbial preparation to regulate water quality is better, which can improve the stability and self-purification ability of water body. Generally, Baoyu'an (compound microbial preparation), Huoshuibao (Bacillus) and EM bacteria can be used to reduce the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in water and decompose the bottom organic matter and other harmful substances effectively.

4. The water level should be kept stable, and the main way to change water is to add water. Frequent water change is easy to cause the stress reaction of soft-shelled turtle and destroy the original ecological balance.

Sixth, carry out multi-species mixed culture to maintain the biodiversity of the water body. Multi-variety mixed culture is an effective means of biological disease control, and it is a very effective prevention method. It can not only overcome the drug resistance caused by long-term and extensive use of chemical drugs or antibiotics, but also avoid side effects and environmental pollution, and promote the mutual growth of all kinds of organisms. Species such as aquatic plants, mixed culture of green shrimp, snail, silver carp, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, flower (fish bone) and silver crucian carp can be properly planted in soft-shelled turtle ponds to regulate water quality and improve bottom quality.

Pay attention to prevention and comprehensive control

According to the disease characteristics and daily observation in the growth stage of soft-shelled turtle, it is the focus of prevention work.

1. Usually disinfect every 20 days or so, disinfection drugs include quicklime, chlorine dioxide, sodium trichloroisocyanurate and other safety and environmental protection drugs, disinfection alternately

2. Chinese herbal medicine preparations such as enzyme-producing probiotics, multi-dimensional soft-shelled turtle, fish and shrimp Bule (anti-stress reaction), immune polysaccharide, florfenicol and virus star were added to the feed alternately to enhance the immunity of soft-shelled turtle.

3. To prevent stress reaction, especially when the climate, water temperature and other environmental factors change obviously or abruptly, such as greenhouse soft-shelled turtle transferred to the outer pond culture, Meiyu and typhoon rainstorm season and high temperature weather, disease prevention and water quality regulation should be done in time to prevent the turtle stress reaction from increasing, resulting in endocrine disorders leading to disease. Especially when the greenhouse soft-shelled turtle is transferred to the outer pond, the time to get out of the greenhouse should not be too early, preferably from late May to early June, when the water temperature in the open pool is stable above 25 ℃, and it is better when the weather is fine for more than a week, when the soft-shelled turtle comes out of the greenhouse to eat quickly and has less disease. Soft-shelled turtle species must be disinfected, and it is best to carry them with water.

At present, the main diseases in the culture of soft-shelled turtle in the outer pond are: Gill, white floor, red neck, water mold, rotten skin, furunculosis, perforation, leukoplakia, white spot and other diseases, of which the most harmful diseases are soft-shelled turtle Gill and white floor disease. these two diseases are mainly caused by viruses, and their incubation period is long. Once an acute outbreak after infection, it will cause a large area of disease and death. The epidemic time is mainly from June to August, and the main targets are young and adult soft-shelled turtles. The second is skin rot caused by bacterial infection, perforation and so on. The control methods of these diseases are introduced as follows for reference.

Main control measures of soft-shelled turtle Gill inflammation

1. Firstly, chlorine dioxide, quaternary ammonium salt iodine preparation or trichloroisonitrile uric acid were used to disinfect the soft-shelled turtle pond.

2. Feed fresh and high quality bait, and add Chinese herbal medicine such as fish and shrimp Bule, Fulexing, viral star and other antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs such as clindamycin and fosfomycin in time in the feed for 5-7 days. If the condition is serious, feed another course of treatment.

3. After the condition is stable, microbial preparations and immune enhancers (such as fish and shrimp, licorice polysaccharide, soft-shelled turtle, glucan, etc.) are added to the feed for 10-15 days or more to enhance the resistance of soft-shelled turtles.

4. 3-4 days after disinfection, new water and beneficial microbial preparations such as Pusabao Yu'an, Huoshuibao (Bacillus) and EM bacteria were added in time to cultivate and regulate the water quality, so as to maintain a stable balance of algae phase and beneficial microbial population in the water.

Comprehensive prevention and treatment of white floor disease (hemorrhagic intestinal necrosis)

1. Pay attention to quarantine and select high-quality seedlings;

2. Disinfect the water body regularly.

3. Feed high quality feed and strictly control the amount of feed;

4. Pay attention to prevention at ordinary times, and timely add virus Xinghe, Fish and Shrimp Bule, Vb (0.2% of the feed amount) or Radix Isatidis, Sophora flavescens, andrographis, Polygonum cuspidatum or Radix Polygoni cuspidatum, Sanhuang Powder mixture (1% of the feed amount) in the feed, which has a certain control effect.

Prevention and treatment of skin rot

First of all, the skin on the body surface is inflamed and swollen, and the inflamed tissue gradually dies and turns white or yellow, then ulcers are formed in the affected area, and when it gradually increases, the muscles and bones are exposed. In severe cases, the bones of the neck are exposed, the limbs rot, and the claws fall off.

1. Reasonable stocking density;

2. Regular disinfection of water bodies;

3. Disinfect the disease with chlorine dioxide, and put anrofloxacin or florfenicol and fish and shrimp in the feed at the same time.

4. The whole pool sprinkling and mixing feeding with pure traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation "Bieyanning" (Sanhua Powder) can restore the food intake in a short time and effectively control the epidemic of the disease.

Prevention and treatment of perforation disease

In the early stage of the disease, a white scab appeared on the back, abdominal nail and skirt of the soft-shelled turtle, ranging from 0.2 cm to 1.0 cm in diameter. after the scab was picked out, the carapace perforated and the perforation bled. The unpicked scab soon fell off by itself, leaving a small hole in the original scab. The edge of the hole was inflamed, and blood was left under light pressure. In severe cases, the inner cavity wall could be seen. The method of prevention and control is the same as "skin rot".

In the process of breeding soft-shelled turtle, the most important thing is disease prevention. Only by controlling the disease of soft-shelled turtle can its yield be increased. To make a bigger profit. Therefore, there are many skills in breeding soft-shelled turtle, and mastering certain culture skills can make farmers take a lot of detours.