How to build crayfish culture pond

Before raising crayfish, the first thing we need to do is to build a culture pond and create an environment suitable for the growth and survival of crayfish. Only in this way can we greatly increase the production of crayfish and effectively reduce the prevention of some diseases in the process of lobster culture.

How to build crayfish culture pond

1. Site selection

The breeding site should determine the area according to the production scale, require sufficient water, good water quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, fresh air, quiet environment, free from natural and man-made interference, and realize the "three links" (access road, electricity, communication).

2. Pool construction

Breeding facilities need to build the following types of pools:

① shrimp pond. It is used for cultivating and storing parent shrimps. Generally, the area of each pond is 60-80 square meters. In large-scale production, the area can be several hundred square meters, the water body is large, the water quality is relatively stable, and the cultivation effect is good.

② spawning pool. The area of each pond is 30-60 square meters, which is used as parent shrimp to lay eggs and fertilize. It should be convenient for drainage and irrigation, which is beneficial to the detection and capture of egg-holding shrimp.

③ incubation and nursery pond. Should be smaller, each pool area of 46.6 square meters, easy to change water, inspection and management, hatching in batches.

④ feed pool. Each pool covers an area of 20,30 square meters, which is used for breeding small zooplankton.

3. Construction requirements

The above pool is 0.8-1.5 meters deep, with adjustable drainage pipes and anti-escape facilities. The best bottom quality of the pond is sandy loam, or the cement bottom is covered with medium sand with a thickness of 10 to 15 centimeters. The wall of the pool is bricked with cement, and the eaves are pushed out of the bank to prevent escape. The frame is embedded in the pool, which is convenient to lay the sunshade net into a plastic film shed. Enough bamboo tubes and tile tubes are placed around the bottom of the pond for shrimp hiding, and several bamboo slices are set up as feed tables. On the surface of the pond, cultivate water-floating lotus, and plant some aquatic plants at the bottom of the pond.

The prospect of crayfish culture

Crayfish, the scientific name Procambarus clarkii, has strong adaptability to the environment, less diseases, tolerance to hypoxia, can grow and reproduce in ponds, ditches, lakes, rice fields, marshes and other water bodies, and can stay out of water or live in caves for a long time. Strong tolerance to adverse environment, convenient transportation, high transport survival rate. This is unmatched by other shrimps.

At the same time, crayfish seedlings are easy to breed, can be self-propagated and self-bred, without complex equipment, the technology is simple, the feed is easy to solve, and it is suitable for artificial breeding. Generally, the yield of intensive farming in ponds is 400kg per mu and the profit is more than 1600 yuan. At present, the artificial culture of crayfish is small, which mainly depends on natural fishing, and its natural resources can not meet the consumption demand of international and domestic market.

Europe and the United States are the main consumers of crayfish. In the United States, crayfish is not only an important edible shrimp, but also an important bait for fishing, with an annual consumption of 60,000 to 80,000 tons and a self-sufficient capacity of less than 1max. The European Union and the United States import 20,000 tons from China every year. Sweden is an avid consumer of crayfish, holding a three-week crayfish festival every year. Western European markets consume 60,000 to 80,000 tons of crayfish a year, while Western European self-sufficiency accounts for only 20% of total consumption.

Preparation of crayfish before stocking

1. The condition and preparation of rice field. The area of rice fields should be large, ranging from tens of mu to hundreds of mu. The ridge of the field is high and can hold a water depth of 50 to 80 centimeters. A trench with a width of 1 to 1.5 meters and a depth of 0.8 meters is excavated along the ridges of the fields with a larger area, and a "ten" or "well" shaped trench is also excavated in the middle, with a width of 0.5 meters and a depth of 0.5 meters. Ten to 15 days before shrimp release, 50kg quicklime per mu of rice field ditch was used, or other drugs were selected to thoroughly clear the ditch and disinfect the ditch to kill wild fish, enemy organisms and pathogenic bacteria.

2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. 7-10 days before shrimp release, 50-80 cm of water was injected into the field ditch, and then fertilized to cultivate food organisms. Generally, 50 kg of compound fertilizer and 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate are applied per mu; the fertilizer effect of farm manure is slow and long, and it has no effect on the growth of crayfish, and it can also reduce the frequency and quantity of chemical fertilizer applied in the future. Therefore, it is best to apply farm manure with farm manure 1000 kg per mu.

3. Transplant aquatic plants. Submerged aquatic plants such as verticillium verticillata and goldfish algae are planted in the shrimp ditch, or water spinach and water hyacinth are planted on the edge of the ditch. But to control the area of aquatic plants, generally accounting for 10%-20% of the shrimp ditch area, sporadic distribution is better, do not gather together, this is conducive to the smooth flow of water in the shrimp ditch.

4. Filtering and escape prevention. Anti-escape and filtration facilities such as bamboo foil, barbed wire and mesh should be installed at the inlet and outlet to strictly prevent the entry of enemy creatures.

Breeding techniques of crayfish

1. Field management. Crayfish raised in rice fields are not required to be fed except for sufficient fertilizer. But in the crayfish growing season can be properly fed some animal feed, such as hammered snails, mussels and slaughterhouse leftovers and so on. Patrol the fields every morning and evening, and observe the changes of water color and the activity, eating and growth of shrimp in the ditch.

2. Drying the fields. The rice should be roasted lightly and the water should not be drained completely. The water level can be lowered to the surface of the field, and the time should be short. If an abnormal response is found in the crayfish, it is necessary to inject water immediately.

3. Fertilization in paddy field. The basic fertilizer in the paddy field should be sufficient, and the rotten organic fertilizer should be mainly applied to the tillage layer before transplanting, so as to achieve the purpose of long-term fertility. Topdressing is generally once a month, urea 5 kg / mu, compound fertilizer 10 kg / mu, or organic fertilizer made from human and animal manure, which has no adverse effect on crayfish. Prohibit chemical fertilizers such as ammonia and ammonium bicarbonate that are harmful to crayfish.

4. Application of pesticide to rice. Crayfish are very sensitive to many pesticides. The principle of raising shrimp in rice fields is not to use drugs firmly, and to choose pesticides and biological agents with high efficiency and low toxicity when drugs are needed. When applying pesticides, we should pay attention to strictly grasp the safe concentration of pesticides to ensure the safety of shrimp, should and require spraying on the leaves of rice, try not to spray into the water, and it is best to use the medicine in different areas.

5. Recommend. Transplanting aquatic plants in ring ditches and field ditches, such as bitter grass, verticillium verticillata, goldfish algae and other submerged plants, the coverage of aquatic plants in crayfish feeding ditches in paddy fields should be 10%-20%, and sporadic and scattered would be better.

6. Prevention of escape and disease. Check whether the inlet and outlet screen is firm and whether the escape prevention facilities are damaged when patrolling the fields every day. Flood season to prevent flooding, shrimp escape accidents occur.

7. Fishing. Raising crayfish in rice fields, as long as a full number of shrimp species are released at once, after 2 months of breeding, some crayfish can meet the commercial specifications. Long-term fishing, catching large and small is an important measure to reduce costs and increase production. The crayfish that meet the commercial specifications will be sold on the market, and those that do not meet the specifications will continue to be cultured in the rice fields, so as to reduce the density of small and medium-sized crayfish and promote the rapid growth of small crayfish.

Everything is difficult at the beginning, before raising crayfish, the construction of lobster culture pond is the foundation of success or failure, so we must not be careless. The choice of the site before the construction of the aquaculture pond is also particularly important, followed by the construction of the pool, different shrimp need different living environment, so it is more important to build an environment that is most suitable for their growth.