Technical points of scientific free-range raising of chickens in rural areas

(1) brooding: the success or failure of brooding mainly depends on the survival rate, focusing on the following points:

1. Temperature: after the chicks are bought out of their shells, the temperature in the first week should be controlled within 34 ℃, and from the second week, the temperature should be reduced by 2 ℃ per week until the temperature is removed in the sixth week. The method of heat preservation depends on the number of chickens, there are fewer available cartons and light bulbs, that is, the chicks are put in the box, hang a light bulb of about 60W, and put water bottles and food troughs at the same time; more chickens can be used in the nursery and heated with coal stoves indoors, but the soot is discharged outdoors with iron pipes. In order to ensure the accuracy of the temperature, in addition to observing the state of the chicks, the thermometer should be hung indoors and feces should be removed frequently.

2. Lighting: 24-hour light is required in the first week of brooding to ensure that chicks can eat and drink day and night, promote growth and development, and then reduce 2 hours a week until the lights are not turned on at night. Light and heat preservation can be combined, carton brooding, if the temperature is not enough, you can add boiling water in the container wrapped with cloth, placed in the box for heating.

3. Feeding density: 1-14 days old, 50-60 eggs per square meter, 15-21 days old 35-40 eggs per square meter, 21-44 days old 25 birds per square meter, 12 eggs per square meter after 60 days of age. Unheated chickens can be raised in cage, flat or grazing, as long as the density does not exceed the above standard.

4. Feeding and drinking water: 24 hours after the chick comes out of its shell, the chick can drink and feed, put the feeding material in the bucket and let it eat freely, and put fresh water in the water cup at the same time. Chicks drink cold boiled water for the first 20 days, and can drink well water or tap water later. Because the chicks eat less and have a strong metabolism, in order to prevent malnutrition, 8-10% glucose and water-soluble multivitamins must be added to the water in the first 10 days.

(2) feeding after de-heating: chicks can no longer be heated when they are 40 days old, but the temperature can not change too much. In winter, rain and windy weather, the room temperature should still be kept above 15 ℃, and the light is natural light. There are the following ways to raise chicks:

1. Cage raising: the advantage of transferring the unheated chicken to a chicken cage is that it can make full use of the space, the chicken does not come into contact with feces, the disease is less, at the same time, it is easy to catch the chicken and reduce the labor intensity of the breeder; the disadvantage is that the chicken flock that has been raised for a long time, the stress reaction is larger, and the chest and legs of the chicken are prone to pathological changes.

2. Flat raising: flat raising can be divided into online flat raising and ground flat raising, which is the same as caged raising, but the activity of chickens is large, it is not easy to get sick, and of course the cost is higher. The achievement of flat raising on the ground is to put wheat straw, grain husk, rapeseed shell and other bedding materials on the cement ground, and raise the chickens on them, which has the advantage of cost saving, and the chest and legs of the chickens are not easy to have pathological changes. Due to the large amount of activity of the native chickens, the cushion does not need to be replaced. The deficiency is that the chicks defecate directly on the cushion, which is easy to induce some diseases.

3. Stocking: that is, put the chicken outside in the morning, let it receive sunlight and come into contact with the soil, at the same time, you can find some mineral feed and insects, and drive the chicken back to the house at noon and in the evening to replenish the feed. the advantage of this method is to let the chicken return to nature. the meat quality of the chicken is very good, the price is high, the deficiency is that the needed space is large, so the raising scale is limited, this method is suitable for a small amount of free breeding of farmers.

(3) Management

1. Feeding: a small number of methods are usually used in the production time to stimulate the feeding desire of the chicken. Therefore, the feeding period is not less than 5 times a day, and the quantity of each feeding is not too much. After the chicken has been eaten, the bucket will be left empty for a period of time and then add the second material.

2. Change the material: there should be a transition when changing the chicken feed, which usually takes three days to complete. 70% original chicken feed and 30% new chicken feed were fed on the first day, 50% original chicken feed and 50% new chicken feed on the second day, 30% original chicken feed and 70% new chicken feed on the third day, and all new chicken feed on the fourth day.

3. Add sand: after 20 days of age, 500 g of clean fine sand is provided for every 100 chickens per week. You don't have to add sand to keep chickens.

4. Grouping: the final machine should be reared in strong and weak groups and male and female groups. It is necessary to increase the thickness of bedding and increase the level of dietary protein and lysine for Roosters. Roosters grow faster and have higher requirements for feed nutrition. The purpose of increasing nutrition is to meet their needs so that they can be put on the market in advance.

5. Pay attention to the ventilation of the chicken house: the ventilation condition of the chicken house is good, especially in summer, we must create conditions to make the chicken house have convective wind; even in winter, we must carry out proper ventilation to keep the air in the house fresh. In a well-ventilated chicken coop, people do not feel sulky, dazzling or pungent after entering.

6. Keep proper density: if the density is unreasonable, even if other feeding and management work is good, it is difficult to cultivate high-yield chicken flocks. In the case of flat feeding, the suitable density per square meter is: 7-12 weeks old, 8-10; 13-16 weeks, 8-6; 17-20 weeks, 6-4.

7. reduce stress reaction: daily management should be carried out in strict accordance with the operating rules to avoid the interference of external adverse factors as far as possible. Do not catch chickens rudely; be careful when vaccinating; do not suddenly appear in the flock in special clothes, so as to prevent the flock from exploding and affect the normal growth and development of the flock.