The low price of corn will affect the direction of breeding.

This year, the state issued a new policy on temporary collection and storage of corn. The purchase price of corn is 0.12 yuan / jin lower than that of last year (a drop of about 10%), but the actual reaction of local markets is far more intense. The purchase price and futures price of corn are generally reduced by more than 20%. Among them, the market price in Huang-Huai-Hai region fell by 25% compared with the same period last year. This will make agricultural production and resource allocation closer to the market level, and further, the state will reform the subsidy policy for grain production, and at the same time, it will also make the progress of agricultural science and technology develop in a more reasonable direction.

Due to the sharp reduction in corn prices this year, farmers' income will be reduced. It is an inevitable trend that the state will change the subsidy method for grain production and separate the subsidy from the collection and storage price. Because only by separating the subsidy from the purchase price, can we really subsidize the money to the farmers, which is beneficial to the farmers; can the price return to the market and be beneficial to consumers and processing enterprises; and can it restore the role of market price signal, give better play to the role of market regulation, promote the effective allocation and structural adjustment of resources, and reduce the financial burden of the government, which is beneficial to the country.

Many farmers may abandon advanced technologies that increase production but adopt higher costs in order to reduce inputs and costs, and they will adopt more advanced but simple farming and management techniques in order to reduce costs. more use of new varieties and more efficient agricultural machinery. This will prompt enterprises and require the national corn industry technology system to develop all kinds of new products and technologies that can further reduce production costs.

While lowering the purchase price of grain, grain merchants will strictly control the quality, such as rejecting corn with a mildew rate of more than 2%. This will force more and more farmers to delay harvesting and promote winter harvesting (usually harvesting grains directly after snowfall in November), so that corn ears are fully air-dried in the fields and reduce grain water content at harvest. This requires that maize varieties must maintain field upright within one to two months after maturity in order to reduce grain moisture content, mildew rate and drying cost. In short, farmers are bound to adopt a series of "advanced" technologies to reduce costs and increase income. This trend is not very common this year, but it will show up in the main producing areas of the country within a few years.

In fact, these technologies are not advanced, but the previous purchase price subsidy policy realized and maintained high-price acquisitions. Farmers do not care about grain water content, grain mildew rate, and are more tolerant of production costs. Now we must haggle and haggle and find ways to reduce grain moisture content and mildew rate, reduce losses and reduce costs, so as to maintain a higher level of income.

The promotion of winter harvest corn in the main spring corn producing areas will result in a large number of maize varieties turning back in the field. This means that many varieties of high stem, large panicle, late maturity and sparse planting, with high water content at harvest, easy lodging and high mildew rate in winter, will be eliminated. The southward movement of the Demeya series of varieties actually breaks through the way of thinking of scientific and technological personnel and seed managers, and reflects the urgent demand of farmers for varieties with short stalks, early maturity, close planting resistance and lodging resistance.

The popularization of winter harvest technology will have a strong impact on the direction of maize breeding. To sum up, maize breeding should realize "three changes" and "three necessities".

First, reform the direction of breeding. The growth period must be shortened in order to achieve the goal of mechanized direct grain harvesting, reducing moisture content and reducing the cost of drying and field operations.

Second, improve germplasm. American germplasm must be used to enhance lodging resistance. At the same time, improve domestic germplasm reasonably, make full use of its adaptability, and improve the ability of lodging resistance, rapid dehydration and mildew resistance.

Third, reform the technical route of breeding. It is necessary to increase the field planting density and apply stress-resistant selection pressure in the key links of breeding. Even if the American and European inbred lines are used to select the second ring line, it is necessary to increase the planting density in the early generation of separation and increase the selection pressure on other major stresses. In the combination testing stage, it is also necessary to go through high-density screening before low-risk hybrids can be selected.

In Huang-Huai-Hai region, new varieties with early maturity of dwarf stem and reducing grain moisture content at harvest are also needed to reduce mechanical harvest loss and drying cost. In short, farmers will change their planting habits and adopt "new technology" to become a driving force for scientific and technological progress.

With the transformation of agricultural production technology, it is necessary to improve the land transfer or new cooperation mechanism and realize the transformation of agricultural production and management mode, so as to improve the efficiency of agricultural production. Although this is a slow process, farmers will have to do so in order to reduce costs and improve efficiency. This will promote the differentiation of farmers and realize the modernization of agricultural production.