Experience of using fertilizer and fertilizer water to raise fish

With the continuous development of aquaculture, fish farming in rural areas is more common, first of all because of the low investment cost of fish farming, as long as there is a fish pond and then buy a little fry, you can open the road to fish farming. In fact, the market demand for fish is still relatively large, and its sales are not worrying.

Experience of using fertilizer and fertilizer water to raise fish

Chemical fertilizer fish farming is not fish eating chemical fertilizer directly, but after applying chemical fertilizer in the water area, it increases nutrient elements in the water body, promotes the large number of aquatic organisms such as phytoplankton and zooplankton in the water, and the fish eat the aquatic organisms mentioned above, and the yield increases greatly.

1. Scope of adaptation. This technology is not only suitable for large and medium-sized water areas such as beaches and lakes with an area of thousands of mu, but also suitable for promotion in small water surfaces such as weirs and fish ponds below 1 hectare. 2. Climatic conditions for fertilizer application. Generally, from May to October, when the sun is sufficient and the water temperature is above 20℃, chemical fertilizer should not be applied every day from 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. on cloudy days, rainy days and low temperatures. 3. Types and proportions of chemical fertilizers applied in stages. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer were mainly applied, but potassium fertilizer was not needed. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly ammonium bicarbonate, followed by urea, ammonium chloride, etc.; phosphorus fertilizer is mainly calcium superphosphate; nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer can also be applied. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus is generally 1:1. The amount of fertilizer input per mu should be controlled below 10 kg; the total amount of fertilizer input depends on the number of species in stock. 4. Release of fry. Fish species are mainly silver carp, accounting for more than 90% of the total fish, carp, crucian carp, catfish and other fish accounting for less than 10%; fry generally weight about 150 grams tail is appropriate, fry quantity depends on the design yield. 5. Fertilizer application method. Choose fertilizer application area with open sun and water depth of 0.5-4 meters, insist on uniform sprinkling with water, and oppose dry sprinkling and whole bag throwing. It is also necessary to flexibly master and do a good job in regulating beach water according to different conditions such as water conditions, fish conditions and weather changes. 6. Benefit analysis. Beach pond chemical fertilizer fish farming, less input, more output, large benefits, easy to operate. As long as the correct grasp of this technology, generally about 2 kilograms of fertilizer can increase production of 1 kilogram of fish, fertilizer cost per kilogram of fish about 1 yuan.

Selection of fish culture sites

Generally suitable for fish farming river water quality should not be seriously polluted, river embankment on both sides to be solid, not affected by floods and other disasters. There should be fewer inlets and outlets in the river course, and it should be ensured that no fish can escape from these inlets and outlets. In addition, the bottom of the river should be relatively flat, easy to manage and fish. The annual water level drop is relatively small, preferably not more than 2 meters, and the water depth during the fish season cannot be less than 0.8 meters. The water flow rate should not be too large, 0.5 meters per second is good. Aquatic organisms are abundant in the river course or adjacent waters and can be easily utilized. Also understand the surrounding farmland irrigation, water storage, flood discharge, etc., in the construction of fish blocking equipment and fish farming, solve the contradiction between fish farming water and water conservancy.

stocking of fish

200~300 fish per mu of water surface in rough culture river, 300~500 fish per mu in intensive culture river, and then adjusted according to the year-end fish growth situation. The river with more fertile water quality should be mainly stocked with silver carp and bighead carp, usually accounting for 70%(bighead carp ∶ silver carp =6∶4), and then matched with 30% green carp, grass carp, bream and carp (green carp and grass carp account for 5~10% and carp, crucian carp and bream account for 10~15%). The stocking time is generally winter, because the winter temperature is low, the fish species transportation is convenient, and the stocking survival rate is high. In addition, the river is rich in natural food, which can accelerate growth after stocking.

Before stocking fish species and before fishing in winter, special attention should be paid to checking whether there is any escape opening of fish blocking equipment. The height of foil door should be controlled on weekdays to ensure that it is often exposed to 8~10 cm of water surface. If the weather changes or floods occur, pay attention to adjusting foil door. At ordinary times, the dirt in front of fish blocking equipment should be removed frequently to make the water flow smooth. Check and maintain fish blocking equipment at any time. The relevant materials for maintenance should be prepared at any time.

Pond fish culture technology

Pond fish culture is a fish culture method used in most areas of China. At present, the output accounts for more than 60% of freshwater fish culture. It has the characteristics of small investment, large income, quick effect and stable production.

Area: Generally, the area of adult fish pond is 5-10 mu, which is easy to manage. Parent fish pond, fry pond, fingerling pond to 3-5 mu is appropriate.

2. Water depth: Generally, the water depth of adult fish pond is 2-3 meters. The winter ponds in the north are suitable for 1.5-2 meters below the thickest ice layer in severe cold. The depth of fry pond and hatching pond is 1.0-1.5 meters. Fish ponds generally require a depth of 1.5-2.0 meters.

3, water quality: abundant water, good water quality is the fundamental conditions for fish farming.

4. Requirements for substrate: The substrate of the pond is preferably loam, sandy loam, followed by clay.

Although fish farming is a relatively simple thing, if the method is not appropriate, not only can not get profits from it, but also pay hard work and sweat in vain, so in the process of fish farming, it is also necessary to constantly summarize, and constantly develop new fish farming techniques.