Teach you to master the key points of raising ducks in rice fields.

1. Variety selection of raising ducks in rice fields is an extensive way of raising ducks, and in the mode of symbiotic cultivation of rice and ducks, raising ducks is only an auxiliary industry for the production of green and high-quality rice, which mainly plays a role in biological control. Therefore, when selecting duck breeds, we should focus on the small and medium-sized varieties with strong vitality, wide adaptability, rough feeding tolerance and strong stress resistance. It is recommended to raise both egg and meat breeds such as Jian Red Duck and Sesame Duck.

(1) Ji'an Red Duck has a short round body and a thick neck. The male duck is of medium size, compact, wide chest and well-developed chest muscles. The female duck is Taoyuan and Feng Che with prominent eyes, bright eyes and well-developed chest muscles. It has stable genetic performance, good production performance, rough feeding resistance, strong foraging ability, tender meat, high lean meat rate, and feather growth is synchronized with body weight growth. it is a high quality raw material for processing salted duck. According to the rural investigation, it is mainly grazing, feeding for 80-90 days, the body weight can reach 1000-1150 grams, during which the rice is fed with 3-4kg, fattening in the salted duck factory for 28 days, the body weight is 1350-1400 grams (4kg consumption of rice), which meets the processing requirements of salted duck. The red duck has a laying rate of 5% at the age of 112d, 134d and 186d, respectively. The average weight of the adult female duck is 1450 g. The duck is suitable for various ways of raising in the rural areas of our province. (2) Shan Ma Duck originated in Longyan, Fujian Province, and is one of the excellent egg duck breeds in China. The male duck has a wide chest and a wide back and a long body. Beak yellowish green, iridescent brown. The shins and flippers are orange-red, the back feathers are grayish brown, and the abdomen is grayish white. The female duck has a slender, symmetrical and compact body, with a torso at more than 450 angles to the ground when standing and walking, a small head, a bronzed beak, an iridescent brown beak, orange-red shins and flippers, and a full-body hemp-brown. According to the provincial animal husbandry and veterinary research institute, the average birth weight of male and female ducks is 42.78g, 4 weeks weight 553.10 grams, 90-day-old weight 1330 grams, 72-week-old (504 days old) weight 1515 grams. Adult male ducks weigh 1300 grams and adult female ducks weigh 1500 grams. The female duck is about 120 days old and lays 280-300 eggs at 500 days old. Shan Ma duck has the advantages of early production, high egg production and wide adaptability, so it is suitable for breeding in various ways in rural areas. 2. Feeding management (1) feeding and management of ducklings the feeding and management of ducklings is commonly known as brooding, which is a very important basic stage of duck breeding. Therefore, it is necessary to manage scientifically to create suitable temperature, humidity, air, light, nutrition and clean and quiet environment for ducklings, so as to minimize the impact of bad stress. 1. The breeding season for ducklings should be carefully considered, especially the rice-duck symbiosis model, and the best brooding season should be selected to achieve the best production effect and economic benefits. Rice-duck symbiotic duck seedlings are mainly spring and summer chicks, autumn chicks and winter chicks do not make a choice. ① spring chicks refer to ducklings hatched from March to May. In spring, the climate is gradually warmer and sunny, which is beneficial to the growth of ducklings, and the survival rate and health rate are high. in the middle duck stage, due to the suitable temperature, long outdoor activity time, good physique and fast growth and weight gain. Spring chicks should be selected for rice-duck symbiotic duck seedlings, and the end of brooding should be linked up with rice planting. However, spring chicks should pay attention to doing a good job of heat preservation, and it is rainy and humid in spring, the climate is changeable, diseases are easy to invade, and during the breeding period in hot summer, it is necessary to do a good job of preventing heat and shading, so the management must be careful and conscientious. all aspects of work should be done fully and perfectly. ② summer chicks refer to ducklings hatched from June to August. At this time, high temperature and humidity, poor appetite of ducklings, affected growth and development, low productivity of adult birds, and a large workload of heat prevention and dampness reduction. However, summer chicks generally do not need heating and heat preservation, as long as meat commercial ducks do a good job in preventing heat, the feeding cost will not be very high. ③ autumn chicks and winter chicks refer to ducklings hatched from September to October. Winter chicks refer to ducklings hatched from November to December. It is not suitable for rice planting in season. 2. Brooding methods according to the specific conditions of existing duck houses, a variety of brooding methods can be adopted. According to the specific situation of raising ducks in rice fields, we should concentrate on raising chicks, and then disperse to graze in the fields. This paper introduces several methods: ① flat ground brooding, that is, laying thick bedding materials directly on the duck house floor, such as shavings, coarse wood, dry grass, dry sand, etc., and raising chicks on them, regularly cleaning and changing bedding materials to keep them clean and dry. this method is simple and easy, the cost is not high, but it is not easy to control the disease, and the effect of brooding is general. ② half-ground and half-net brooding, that is, duck house 1x3, the ground is laid with off-ground net surface, in addition, the ground is not covered with net, only bedding. All drinking water is placed on the Internet so that the floor of the house is kept dry. Note that the slope of the slope must be less than 250. The cost of this method is moderate, and it is beneficial to cleaning, and the effect is ideal, so it is more commonly used. ③ carton brooding uses ordinary larger cardboard boxes to raise ducklings. This method does not need heat source to supply temperature in warm weather, and can raise chicks by self-heating, which greatly reduces the cost of heat preservation, and is simple and easy, and the investment is small. However, attention should be paid to keeping dry, hygienic and ventilated, and holes are often drilled in the paper wall for ventilation. As the ducklings grow up, some ducklings are gradually removed to other cardboard boxes or nurseries, so that the feeding density is moderate and the temperature is gradually de-heated. Therefore, the method is greatly affected by the weather, the work is complicated, and the number of brooding is limited, so it is suitable for small-scale breeding. 3. Drinking Water and Feed ① the duckling must drink water within 24 hours after it comes out of its shell. the general practice is to put the duckling into a shallow basin with a depth of 1 centimeter for a few minutes to make the ducklings wet their feet and drink water, which is commonly known as "ordering water." The water quality must be fresh, clean and the water temperature is close to room temperature. with the increase of age, the amount of drinking water of ducklings increases, often wash drinking water utensils and replace dirty drinking water and fill it with fresh water. ② starts eating within 24-28 hours after the ducklings come out of the shell, when all the ducklings drink water, let the ducklings eat. No more than 36 hours at the latest. Ducklings should be fed less and more meals in the first few days after eating, that is, they should be fed 7-8 times a day, with a small amount each time, but to ensure that the ducklings are full. In the future, the ducklings will be allowed to eat and drink freely, and there will be no artificial light at night. ③ feed should be fresh, clean, nutritious, moderate particle size, palatable and easy to digest. During the period of 10-15 days, each duck is fed with 500 grams of full-price feed, and a small amount of rice is mixed in the feeding process. Then, with rice plus rice, chopped corn and other cereal feed to the weight of more than 75 grams, can be put into the field. 4. General management ① ventilation at present, most open duck houses are ventilated by adjusting the temperature and humidity in the house, and the ventilation is controlled by the number of doors and windows and the length of opening and closing time. Windows should be set in high places, so that the wind can not reach the duck body, but also conducive to the removal of hotter and lighter exhaust gas. At the same time, prevent the cold and poor growth of ducklings caused by thieves and temperature fluctuations. The ② density is usually 400-1000 ducklings. When raising ducklings on the ground, there are about 20 ducklings per square meter in the first week, 14 ducklings per square meter in the second week, and no more than 10 ducklings after the third week. ③ temperature ducklings should be grown at a suitable temperature to avoid a sharp rise or fall in indoor temperature. 1-3 days old, the temperature is 28-30 C °; 4-6 days old, the temperature is 24-26 C °; 7-10 days old, the temperature is 20-23 C °; 11 days later, and so on. In the early stage, when the indoor temperature is lower than 20C °, infrared lights or electric heating plates can be used for heating. Pay attention to prevent the accumulation of ducks and evacuate in time. ④ humidity when filling chicks, the appropriate relative humidity is 56-70%, which is close to the humidity in the machine when ducklings are hatched, and can prevent ducklings from emitting a large amount of water from the body due to breathing dry air, affecting the normal function of the body. In order to ensure that ducklings have enough time to feed and drink, ⑤ light is generally used 24 hours a day in the first 3 days, that is, to increase artificial light at night, and the light intensity should be that ducklings can see feed and drinking water. The procedures and types of ⑥ immunization vary from region to region, depending on the incidence of local infectious diseases. It is best for poultry disease experts to investigate, formulate a good immunization plan and strictly implement it. ⑦ timely elimination as raising ducks in rice fields is mainly carried out under natural extensive conditions, ducks must be healthy. Ducks with poor health and poor growth should be eliminated in due course. (3) Management of releasing ducks in rice fields

The main results are as follows: 1. The time of entering the field for raising ducks in the rice field should be paid attention to. The ducklings hatch for 20 days, weigh more than 100 grams, throw rice seedlings for 15 days, transplant for more than 12 days, and can be put into the field. The entry of adult ducks should be postponed for 2-3 days. 2. Field feeding facilities prepare ① about 2.5kg of high quality nylon net per rice field, irregular rice fields and narrow rice fields should be prepared more. Around the field is surrounded by a three-finger nylon net to form an anti-escape circle, the purse seine is 60cm high, with a support pole every 1.5-2 meters. ② will build a duck house in one corner of the field according to the size of one square meter for every 10 ducks. the items of the house should be covered to protect it from the sun and rain, but it must be well ventilated, and the bottom of the house should be paved with wood or bamboo boards. Dig a water letter 50-60cm deep under the house, which is twice the size of the duck house. Several high-yield ditches with wide 35cm width and deep 30cm were dug between ③ rice paddies, which were always full of water during the duck release period for ducks to play. 3. The stocking density of big ducks is about 15 ducks per mu, and the young ducks can be increased appropriately according to the situation. 4. Ducks do not have the habit of grazing during the brooding period, and feeding training should be carried out before going to the field. Releasing ducks in rice fields mainly feeds on weeds, insects and aquatic animals in rice fields. After first training to feed on the ground millet, sprinkle the millet into the shallow water, let the ducks peck at it, form a conditioned reflex many times, and then put it into the rice field to take the initiative to look for food. 5. Each duck is fed with 50-100 grams of rice, corn, forage and other feed every day. Pay attention to regular and fixed-point feeding, and pay attention to increase or decrease the feeding amount according to the situation, not too much or too little. Put an end to feeding with moldy, smelly feed and smelly, maggot-producing animal feed. 6. Arrange the grazing time reasonably. ① determines the grazing time based on air temperature and water temperature. Paddy field grazing, the degree of ventilation is not as good as rivers, ponds, because the water is shallow, easy to be heated, when the temperature is more than 30C °, it is not suitable to release ducks. Especially in the hot summer, it should be carried out before 9 am and when it is cool in the afternoon. ② grazing in rotation. The same rice field should not be grazed repeatedly, and should be released after a few days of leisure. It is best to match different growth periods and harvest periods in rice fields. After the harvest of ③ rice, there are a large number of grains left in the field, so it can be grazed centrally. 7. Rice and duck live together and release ducks for a long time in hot summer. therefore, on the basis of preventing rodent damage, the duck house keeps the duck house ventilated and sets up a shade tree branch or small Arbor. High-yield ditch should be full of water, let ducks play more water, play the role of heat prevention and cooling. 8. Combine with pest control to release ducks. First find out the insect situation, such as serious insect pests, reduce feeding, so that ducks in a semi-hungry state, eat a large number of pests, give full play to the purpose of pest control. 9. Before spraying the rice, lure the duck in the duck house. 10. Post-management. ① rice harvests ducks at milky stage to prevent ducks from eating rice ears. In order to facilitate duck harvesting, ducks usually get into the habit of gathering when they hear a certain sound. Ducks recovered by ② can be returned to their homes or enclosed in field cottages. Third, common duck disease pre-epidemic duck raising in rice field is open, it is easy to be infected with epidemic disease and spread epidemic disease, so great attention should be paid to duck epidemic prevention. 1. Duck plague duck, 7 days old, chicken embryo 100 million attenuated vaccine, 0.2-0.5ml/ feather meat injection. Antibodies can be produced after 7 days, and the meat ducks can be protected to market. 2. Duck viral hepatitis immunized ducklings: 1-3 days old, chicken embryo attenuated vaccine, 0.5ml/, cervical subcutaneous injection, 2 days later to produce antibodies, 5 days to reach a high level. 3. Duck cholera immunization program: duck cholera vaccine I am avian Pasteurella multocida vaccine, such as 731 attenuated vaccine, vaccinated ducks over 2 days old, the immunization period is three and a half months. Aluminum hydroxide vaccine of avian cholera is used for ducks over 2 months old. Each duck was injected with 2ml intramuscularly and again every 10 days. The immunization period was 3 months. The inactivated vaccine of fowl cholera oil emulsion was used in ducks for more than 2 months. Each duck was subcutaneously injected with 1ml. The immunization period is 6 months. It has also been reported that a vaccine made from Pasteurella multocida A can produce immunity for 4-5 months after intramuscular injection of 2ml in each duck. Fourth, points for attention 1. It is recommended that low-toxic, efficient and low-residue pesticides should be used to control rice diseases and insect pests and avoid the use of pesticides as much as possible. 2. When building a duck house in the field, consideration should be given to preventing rodent damage. 3. During the period of pesticide application in the rice field, the ducks should be harvested in time, and the ducks should be released after the safe interval. During the safe interval of pesticide application in rice field, duck drinking water should be separated from rice field water to prevent duck poisoning and duck product pollution. 4. Ducks cannot be raised in places where duck plague or infected ducks have occurred, as well as water surfaces and rice fields polluted by mineral oil.