Rational use of Resources to develop grassland Agriculture

Yunnan has a bright future in developing grassland agriculture and building beautiful and rich plateau agriculture. Grassland agriculture is a modern system that gives overall consideration to agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, makes rational use of resources and realizes sustainable development. Grassland agriculture is characterized by combining grain cultivation with recommendation, planting and breeding, and combining production and sightseeing with product processing. In this respect, Yunnan has a great advantage. Generally speaking, the proportion of grassland in the crop system should not be less than 25%, and the proportion of animal husbandry in the total agricultural output value should not be less than 50%. This is a conclusion drawn from the study of the practices of various developed countries in the world. The total output value of animal husbandry in China accounted for 32% of the total agricultural output value in the first two years, but it was relatively low last year, accounting for 28%, which shows a lot of room for development. The output value of animal husbandry in Yunnan accounts for nearly 30% of the total agricultural output value, that is to say, it is similar to the national average.

The No. 1 document of the CPC Central Committee this year proposes to actively develop the grass industry, actively cultivate the cultivation of alfalfa and other plants, carry out pilot projects for the combination of planting and breeding and changing grain to feed, and actively promote the coordination and development of the three models of food crops, cash crops, and forage crops. Grass-fed poultry breeding and grass and animal husbandry in a broad sense, changing grain to feed and giving consideration to both food and forage can be summarized as the active development of grassland agriculture.

Yunnan should pay more attention to the existing grassland resources. Yunnan Province is the seventh largest province in grassland area in the country, and the provincial party committee and provincial government should enlarge their vision and expand it to grassland, which accounts for 38.8% of the total land area. In addition, woodland, which accounts for 46% of the land, also has great grazing value. Continuous grasslands should be taken as the main direction to develop grassland animal husbandry production, which is extremely important for improving the ecological environment of Yunnan.

Great efforts should be made to develop herbivorous livestock, especially cattle and sheep. At present, more than 60% of the output value of animal husbandry is pork, while beef and mutton, especially mutton, account for a very small proportion. Therefore, in the development of Yunnan aquaculture, we should vigorously develop cattle and sheep and make full use of grassland resources. Yunnan Province has a lot of room for the development of cattle and sheep breeding, which is also an important way to make good use of Yunnan's natural resources to do a good job of plateau characteristic agriculture.

Great efforts should be made to adjust the structure of planting industry. How to adjust the structure, make use of the recommendation of agricultural and winter fallow fields, and develop plateau characteristic agriculture without affecting grain output is the content that needs to be considered in Yunnan Province. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture, the national recommendation for the use of agricultural and winter idle fields is now about 14%, while that in Yunnan may be less than 2%. There is great potential for recommendation in winter and agricultural idle fields, and great efforts should be made to develop them. The recommended area and the proportion of natural grassland is one of the indicators to measure the development of a country's agricultural modernization. Yunnan has a bright future in farmland recommendation and adjustment of planting structure.

The government should strengthen its support in terms of policies and supporting measures. Past survey experience has found that in many places in Yunnan and Guizhou, it is not easy to set up an industry. With support funds, is it used for recommendation or for livestock feeding? These all need money. It is hoped that the government will treat the recommendation as a kind of grain and co-ordinate the grass and livestock, so as to benefit farmers' recommendations.

Yunnan has sufficient conditions to improve the productivity of natural grassland, and then vigorously develop cattle and sheep breeding. Compared with New Zealand, Yunnan's natural conditions are like spring all the year round, suitable for grassland development, and Yunnan's environment ranges from hundreds of meters to thousands of meters above sea level. Almost 70% of the forage grass in all parts of the country can be found in Yunnan. The main species of legume alfalfa in the north can not grow in the south, but can be produced in Yunnan; the main species of ryegrass in the south can not achieve the ideal yield in the north because of the cold climate, and it is also very satisfactory in Yunnan. that is to say, Yunnan is a place with both south and north, which provides a very good environment for the development of vegetation and animal husbandry. At the same time, Yunnan also has a good foundation for scientific research cooperation, and is fully capable of building an agricultural opening center for South and Southeast Asia, so as to turn grassland animal husbandry into a characteristic industry.

(nan Zhibiao, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering)