What beginners need to pay attention to

Feeding scale: the benefit per unit area is also different with different feeding scale. Generally speaking, the smaller the breeding scale is, the higher the cost is, the lower the breeding benefit is, and the greater the breeding risk is. But the scale should not be too large. According to the situation of input and output, it is suggested that if Tuyuan farming is done as a family sideline, then the breeding area should be 100,200 square meters; if it is done as the main industry of the family, the breeding area should be 300,500 square meters.

Feeding temperature: the soil element of artificial culture must be three-dimensional culture at constant temperature, and the suitable temperature for activity is 17 ℃-38 ℃, and the optimum temperature is 23 ℃-32 ℃. At this temperature, Tuyuan can grow and lay eggs in four seasons. It takes 8 months to raise larvae to adults scientifically, and the shortest time is 6 months. One breeding room can produce two batches of adults every year. Feeding equipment: Tuyuan is an omnivorous insect, likes to live in dark, moist, humus-rich, loose and fertile soil, mostly for night activities, foraging and mating, afraid of direct sunlight. It is necessary to create a good and comfortable living environment for Tu Yuan. Suitable sites and equipment can make Tu Yuan grow rapidly and increase output. According to their own conditions, breeding ponds can be built indoors or in greenhouses. The size of the breeding pond depends on the amount of breeding. The breeding pool is built into a three-dimensional shelf with bricks, sealed around with 4.5 cm plastic strips, and the bottom of the pool is treated with cement to prevent flight. Tu Yuan can also be raised in plastic boxes or plastic pots. The pots and boxes are set up layer by layer to carry out three-dimensional culture in order to make full use of indoor space and increase production. At present, there are mainly two kinds of breeding rooms for breeding Tuyuan: general breeding rooms and shed-type breeding rooms. 1. The general breeding room should choose high terrain, damp, convenient drainage, back water to the sun, relatively quiet places to build, houses sitting north and south, front and rear windows, so that indoor air can convection when needed, doors and windows are equipped with screen netting to prevent male soil adults from flying and native enemies invading. The room temperature does not exceed 36 ℃. Some deciduous trees can be planted in front and behind the house, which can provide shade in summer and do not hinder the light in winter. Electric lights are installed in the feeding room, which can not only adjust the lighting time as needed, but also illuminate when feeding in the evening. 4-5-story aquaculture ponds can be built on both sides of the room. 2. The large shed-type breeding house should choose a place with flat ground and plenty of sunshine to build a slope-type plastic solar greenhouse. The north wall is 2.5 meters high, the front wall is 1.5 meters high, and the shed is 4 meters 5 meters wide. The shed wall can be rammed with soil or with red brick, the floor inside the shed can be smoothed with cement, and the top film should be covered with double-layer polyvinyl chloride film to improve the temperature of the shed and prolong the service life of the film. Fix the film with a pressing line and install a small door on one wall and a window on the other. The breeding pond in the greenhouse can be built as a single-layer or multi-layer pond, which is made of bricks into several small pools with a height of 30 centimeters, and the inner wall of the pool is affixed with ceramic tiles or glass strips to prevent soil elements from escaping. The pool can be built in two rows, left and right, with an aisle in the middle. The single-layer pool is easy to manage and operate, but the utilization rate of the greenhouse is not high. A multi-layer pool is a multi-layer bracket made of triangular iron or wood strips, on which plastic pots are placed. The distance between layers is 30 cm, which is divided into front, middle and back rows, with aisles left in the middle. This multi-layer pot culture method has the advantages of convenient management and uniform heating, which can increase the feeding quantity, increase the yield and have high economic benefits. Raising soil: the soft-shelled turtle is a diurnal and nocturnal insect, which sneaks into the soil during the day and likes to look for food in the soil or on the soil surface. therefore, the soil is a small living environment for this kind of insects. The quality of soil and the collocation of containing substances are directly related to the survival, growth and development of Trionyx sinensis. Regardless of whether the breeding facility is a pond or a box, the bottom must be covered with loose and fertile soil with a thickness of 5mur15cm. The thickness of the soil depends on the age of the insect, and the smaller the age, the thinner the soil layer. The water content of the breeding soil is kept at about 20%, and the relative humidity is maintained at about 70%. 1: soil quality and water content: the requirements for the selection of breeding soil should be adjusted according to its specific conditions, such as vegetable garden soil. Garbage. Ditch mud. Kitchen feet. Sand-clay mixed soil, at the same time mixed with an appropriate amount (20% Mel 30%) of fermented chicken manure. Pig dung. Horse dung. Coke mud ash or rice chaff ash. No matter what kind of soil is chosen, it should be loose in texture, rich in nutrition, moderate in dry humidity, clutching and loosening. If the water content is measured, the water content should be 15% 20%. This kind of soil is easy for soft-shelled turtles to lurk. Get in or climb out and move around to find food at will. Looking for a mate. 2: the treatment of breeding soil: before the breeding soil is put into the pit or pond, it should be exposed to the sun. Sterilization. Worm by worm, and sift to remove impurities and bricks. Rocks. All factors that are not conducive to the life of Trionyx sinensis should be excluded as far as possible in advance. The thickness of soil laid in the pond should be different according to different ages or adult stages, and different densities and seasonal soil thickness should also be different in the same pond. Experience has proved that the thickness of soil for 1-4 instar nymphs, 5-8 instar worms and 9-11 instar nymphs should be 7-10 cm, 16-20 cm and 20-26 cm respectively. In the same pond, the soil with high population density should be thicker, and the soil with lower density is lighter; the soil is thinner in summer and thicker in winter; the soil of breeding insects is thicker than that of raising medicinal insects, so that the process of mating and spawning is less disturbed. Introduction of Tuyuan: first, select the site. Soil yuan should generally be raised indoors, and outdoor ponds are the most common in rural areas. Outdoor stocking ponds should be dug and built in the leeward direction. Second, where to introduce the species. Beginners had better go to the farmers who have been raising Tuyuan for many years and have a good reputation to introduce them. Never go to a hotel or hotel to change the introduction of the "promotion office" and "sales agency" of another place, so as not to be deceived.

Third, the best time for introduction. The introduction of soil element can be divided into introduced worms and egg blocks. The oviposition period (June to October) is the best for introduced insects. It can also introduce the earth element egg block directly, which can be introduced all the year round, without seasonal restriction. The young white soil can be hatched when the egg mass is about 30 ℃. Fourth, seed selection and transportation. Good varieties, strong and lively individuals, plump posture, disease-free and injury-free soil elements were selected as seed insects. A large enough cloth bag or wooden box can be prepared according to the quantity of introduction, and a certain amount of breeding soil can be put in the bag or box. Feed: the feed types of Tuyuan culture can be divided into three different kinds of feed: plant feed: including wheat bran, rice bran, cake, powder, broken rice, corn and other miscellaneous grain powder. After stir-frying to overflow fragrance, spread out to cool and feed. Animal feed: the leftover scraps of pigs, cattle, chickens, ducks and fish in the restaurant can be used as feed for its consumption, but can not be spoiled or deteriorated to prevent the soft-shelled turtle worm from becoming infected and dying. If possible, it can be processed into a loose mixture of bone and meat and stored in cold storage. Yellow powder bug. Earthworms, crickets, locusts, moths and other small insects are put to death and can be eaten. Earthworms can also be cultured artificially (except for medicine), which can be used to feed turtles as the most gluttonous. The food that must be matched with green feed turtle worms. Green cabbage, cabbage, lettuce, amaranth, sesame, broad bean, peanut, sweet potato and other leaves, pumpkin, loofah flowers and fruits can be fed. Cut pieces such as melon peel and yam are more favored to eat. The green feed should be kept fresh and clean. We should pay more attention not to pick green fodder sprayed with insecticides to prevent the poisoning and death of ground turtles. Feeding: in summer and autumn high temperature season, green fodder should be fed 1-2 times a day, put in in the morning and keep fresh. In order to increase nutrition, pumpkin flowers and towel gourd flowers are indispensable. The times and amount of feeding in a day should be mastered once every other day in low temperature months and 1-2 times a day in high temperature months. The amount of feeding is commensurate with the population density of pits and ponds. After each feeding, the surplus and shortage of feed should be observed, and in principle, we should master the consumption of concentrate and more than green fodder. We should not only feed the worms, but also avoid unnecessary waste and excess residues that lead to parasites and plant mites.

Soft-shelled turtles should be fed less before and after desquamation, but not during peeling. When it is found that there is a lot of skin on the surface of the breeding soil, there is an urgent need for a lot of food, it is necessary to resume normal feeding in time. Hibernating period can not be fed, but the climate suddenly warms up, found that insects unearthed activities, should also sprinkle some concentrate feed for its feeding.