Three kinds of enteritis of cultured soft-shelled turtle and their prevention and treatment

In the process of culture, the probability of intestinal disease is high, but improper treatment can easily cause intestinal damage and slow down the recovery rate of soft-shelled turtle, and increase the recovery cycle of turtle feeding. Recognize the similarities and differences of intestinal diseases and treat them differently to ensure the smooth feeding of soft-shelled turtles and achieve the best effect of turtle culture.

First, the causes of enteritis are mostly caused by feed deterioration, especially the deterioration of fish meal in feed raw materials, or infection caused by intestinal injury caused by irritants in feed, especially when chilled sea fish are fed for a long time in some areas, this disease is very easy to occur. On the other hand, the outbreak is due to the lack of timely control or isolation of diseased soft-shelled turtles at the initial stage of the disease, especially in the turtle farms where feed is fed underwater, and when the feed quality is not good, a large number of spoiled leftovers will be decomposed in the water and the water quality will deteriorate quickly, which will easily lead to disease outbreaks. The disease is mainly caused by overfeeding. The first reason is that the seedlings are introduced in the high temperature season, and when the young soft-shelled turtle's physique recovers, the food intake increases significantly; second, it is the weather contrast. The unstable temperature leads to the imbalance of soft-shelled turtle food intake; the third reason is that the soft-shelled turtle is not divided into pools in time, and there is a great difference in individual size, which often results in over-feeding of larger individuals. Secondly, the deterioration of pond water quality and feed deterioration also cause the disease, especially in some areas where long-term feeding of chilled sea fish is extremely prone to this disease. Second, the appearance of the diseased soft-shelled turtle with enteritis is normal, no spots and no ulcers. Before dissection, it was seen that the diseased soft-shelled turtle was lying on the surface of the water, listless, slow to respond to external stimuli and did not eat. Internal anatomy showed mesenteric diffuse hyperemia, no food in the gastrointestinal tract, and dark red fluid outflow from the intestines. The color of the liver is lighter than that of normal soft-shelled turtle, with occasional white spots. The spleen is dark and enlarged. The kidney is enlarged and has a feeling of congestion. Occasionally there is a small amount of ascites in the abdomen. Enteritis can be divided into bacterial enteritis, stress enteritis and food enteritis. The differences of each kind of enteritis are as follows: the typical symptoms of bacterial enteritis are redness and swelling in the anus of soft-shelled turtle, with bubbles in feces and floating on the surface; stress enteritis, turtle feces with undigested food. 3. Methods for prevention and treatment of bacterial enteritis, antibiotics (norfloxacin, gentamicin, norfloxacin and other highly sensitive drugs) and berberine hydrochloride were used to kill or inhibit intestinal pathogenic bacteria in the early stage. In order to reconstruct the intestinal microecosystem of soft-shelled turtle, enzyme-producing probiotics, electrolytic multidimensional and diets should be added in the follow-up course. Stress enteritis, first of all, eliminate the source of stress, reduce the follow-up effects caused by stress, and properly add electrolytic multi-dimensional, glucose, enzyme-producing probiotics and berberine hydrochloride. Food enteritis should first eliminate stale bait, reduce the amount of feeding, and properly add electrolytic multidimensional, glucose, enzyme-producing probiotics, allicin and berberine hydrochloride. When enteritis occurs, the food intake of soft-shelled turtle decreases, the amount of residual bait in water becomes larger, and the microecological flora in water is easy to change with the deterioration of intestinal flora of soft-shelled turtle. Most of the pathogenic bacteria of bacterial enteritis are conditional pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila and so on. Regular disinfection can reduce the occurrence of intestinal diseases of soft-shelled turtle. Soft-shelled turtle is suitable for breeding in a quiet environment, daily management to minimize the shrill sound, feeding according to the three principles, pay attention to monitoring the feeding amount and feeding of soft-shelled turtle, which is helpful to the prevention of intestinal diseases of soft-shelled turtle.