High incidence of diseases in rabbits in winter and their prevention and treatment experience

Low temperature in winter is disadvantageous to the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms. As a result, there are relatively few diseases. However, due to the general measures of heat preservation and warming in winter, people often pay attention to heat preservation and ventilation, which increases the content of harmful gases in the rabbit house and easily leads to infectious rhinitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis and so on. In addition, the light time in winter is short, the light intensity is small, and the humidity of the rabbit house is high, which creates favorable conditions for the occurrence of dermatomycosis and scabies. To this end, remind farmers, raise rabbits in winter should not be taken lightly, should be targeted prevention and control.

Although rabbit plague occurs all the year round, the incidence is higher in the low temperature season, so vaccination should be done well. Several problems that should be paid attention to in rabbit plague vaccine injection: first, injection time. Research and production practice have shown that the vaccine can not be injected too early to produce strong immunity, and it is risky to be injected too late. Generally, it is better for rabbits to be injected between 35 and 45 days old; second, the dose and times of injection. In order to obtain strong immunity, the number of injections should be 2 times. That is, at the age of 35-45 days (the morning or evening of injection is determined according to the maternal antibody), the first injection is 2 ml, and the enhanced immunization is 1 ml 20 days after the first immunization; third, it is best to inject rabbit plague single vaccine, not two or three vaccines; fourth, the injection site should be subcutaneously in the neck.

Respiratory diseases due to low temperature in winter, people often pay attention to thermal insulation and easy to ignore ventilation, so that the harmful gas content in the rabbit house increases, easy to cause infectious rhinitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis and so on. According to my research, in northern China, the incidence of respiratory diseases in winter is higher than that in other seasons. The reason is mainly caused by poor ventilation, which should be prevented and controlled. To do a good job in the prevention of respiratory diseases, the following should be done:

First, properly deal with the contradiction between thermal insulation and ventilation, the two should be taken into account, and should not be neglected. When the two form a contradiction, it is better to cool down properly than to make the concentration of harmful gas too high. The standard of quality control in the rabbit house can be judged by human perception. When people enter the rabbit house, there is no discomfort that irritates the nose and eyes, otherwise, ventilation should be strengthened.

Second, reduce the humidity of the rabbit house. The humidity in the rabbit house is often on the high side because of poor ventilation. Years of practical experience shows that high humidity does more harm than good! There are three main sources of humidity in the rabbit house: gas exhaled by rabbits, water evaporation in feces and urine and water dripping from drinking fountains. Controlling the dripping of drinking fountain and cleaning up feces and urine in time are effective measures to reduce the high humidity in the rabbit house.

Third, eliminate seriously affected rabbits in time. Respiratory diseases in rabbits are highly contagious. A sneeze in a rabbit can spread the pathogen throughout the rabbit house. Therefore, rabbits suffering from severe infectious rhinitis and pneumonia are resolutely eliminated. Although the disease of such affected rabbits can be controlled by drugs, it not only increases the cost of treatment, but more importantly, the risk of raising a sick rabbit is far greater than the benefit of curing one affected rabbit. This account has to be calculated!

Fourth, microecological agents control the content of harmful gases. My many years' research shows that microecological agents have a significant effect on controlling the content of harmful gases in rabbit houses. Drinking water with 0.3%, or spraying 0.2%, or spraying slightly into the ditch can achieve the purpose of reducing the content of harmful gases, reducing the incidence of respiratory diseases, and preventing diarrhea at the same time.

Fifth, phased drug prevention. When the incidence of respiratory diseases in rabbits is high, it can be prevented and controlled by periodic administration of drugs. The effect of enrofloxacin is ideal, use it according to the instructions.

Sixth, vaccination. The respiratory diseases of rabbits are caused by the mixed infection of Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella, but the Pasteurella multocida-Bordetella vaccine produced in China has a certain effect on respiratory diseases, but the protection rate is not too high. Rabbit farms with frequent incidence of respiratory diseases can be used, but other measures should not be relaxed just because they have been vaccinated.

Dermatomycosis and scabies are beneficial to the occurrence of dermatomycosis and scabies due to their short light time and low light intensity in winter and high humidity in rabbit houses. Be prepared for rabbit farms where these diseases have occurred. For scabies, the more effective and simple method is to inject ivermectin. Some people react that scabies is difficult to eradicate, the medication is effective, and the drug stops and relapses. There are several key points to be grasped: first, early treatment. When it is found that rabbits are sick, drug treatment is given at the initial stage, the effect is quick, and the recurrence rate is low; second, repeated use of drugs. Only 10 days after the first injection, inject it again; third, disinfection is critical. To thoroughly disinfect the cage of the affected rabbit and its surrounding environment, a flame blowtorch or 0.25% trichlorfon solution is generally used. Otherwise, if the mites hidden in the environment are not removed, it will be difficult to eradicate the scabies. For skin fungal dermatosis, I do not advocate treatment. It is recommended to find one, eliminate one (deep burial or incineration) and thoroughly disinfect the environment.

The incidence of coccidiosis is the lowest in winter, but according to my diagnosis of some rabbit farm diseases for many years, coccidiosis is also quite serious in winter. It is not that the incidence of coccidiosis in these rabbit farms is higher in winter than in other seasons, but mainly because it is mistakenly believed that coccidiosis will not occur if the winter temperature is low, so drug prevention has been stopped. For the rabbit farm with high temperature in the rabbit house, the prevention of coccidiosis must be strengthened. In winter, the temperature in the rabbit house in the south of China is above 0 ℃ and the humidity is high, while in the north, although the ambient temperature is below 0 ℃, the temperature in the rabbit house is mostly above 0 ℃ through the measures of heat preservation and warming. Although more than 22 ℃ is the suitable temperature for the incidence of coccidiosis, the author has observed for many years that as long as it is above 0 ℃, there is a risk of coccidiosis. Therefore, it is suggested that rabbit farms that breed in winter should pay attention to the prevention of coccidiosis. The key to the prevention of coccidiosis is to effectively control the drug resistance of coccidiosis. The effective method is to rotate the drugs, and each drug should be used for 1 to 1.5 months. If the combination of Chinese and Western, the effect will be better.