How to improve the efficiency of breeding centipedes?

Centipede farming does not make everyone make money, but most of them may lose money. So, how can we make money from farming? And how to improve the efficiency of centipede culture? Here, the Rural Wealth Network collects the experience of aquaculture experts and makes a relevant introduction:

First, accurately grasp the living habits of centipedes and create the best environment for centipede breeding. Centipedes mainly live in low mountain areas with more stone and less soil, and there are only a small amount of distribution in plain areas. Every year after the sting, the temperature warms up, the centipede wakes up in hibernation, begins to unearth, and is good at living in wet weeds or rocky ditches. From Grain in Beard to the Summer Solstice, as the temperature gradually rises, it gradually moves into the cracks in the shady trenches, graveyards, ridges or mounds to avoid the hot day. In the late autumn season, they often live under the leeward and sunny loose soil slopes or where the tree holes and roots are warmer. In short, centipedes like to live in dark, wet, warm and ventilated caves. According to this habit, the living environment we create for centipedes must meet the requirements of dark, humid, warm and ventilated at the same time. Our experience is that indoor centipede ponds generally take 1m2 as a culture unit, and each culture unit is built with a square frame of 20cm from the surrounding anti-escape wall. One tile is facing up, and the other is facing up, and the positive and negative are placed alternately, so that the frame is high 30cm. The interior is filled with specially configured soil, and a large number of small gaps are formed between the tiles and tiles. The centipede enters the inner soil through the cracks and makes holes at will to create a small world that you like. The outdoor centipede culture pond generally takes 10m2 as a culture unit, and the 40cm of the anti-escape wall around the inside of each culture unit is placed with tiles. First, a layer of 10cm thick soil is laid on the ground, and a layer of tile is placed on it with a convex face upward, and then a layer of 10cm thick soil is laid on top of the tiles, and then the 10cm is shrunk inward around each side of the pile, and a layer of tile is placed with convex face up, and the tiles continue to be covered with a layer of 10cm thick soil. Until the pallets are raised above 60cm, the pallets are shaped a bit like pyramids. The centipede enters the stack through the gap formed by tiles. After early spring and the Beginning of Autumn, the temperature is low. Under the sun during the day, the temperature below the tile at the edge of the stack is on the high side, and the centipede moves naturally to the edge. Under the sun in summer, the temperature under the tile at the edge of the stack is too high, and the centipede naturally moves to the inside of Doti, looking for a cool place. With the sudden drop of temperature in winter, the interior of the pile is warm and suitable because of the thick soil and tile heat preservation, which makes it an excellent place for centipedes to hibernate. Second, accurately grasp the characteristics of centipede activity and choose the best feeding time. Centipedes usually come out at night, and the peak of their activity is at 20: 23. It is characterized by more activity at night and less activity during the day; more activity at night when the temperature is higher than 25 ℃, less activity at 10-15 ℃; more activity at night after rain, less activity at night in rainy days; more activity at night without wind or breeze, less activity at night with strong wind (wind above force 6). Thus it can be seen that the frequency of centipede activity is closely related to meteorological factors such as air temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, rainfall and light intensity. According to the above characteristics, feeding the centipede should follow a certain law, rather than being immutable, and the law that must be followed is that the centipede is generally fed at a fixed point on the eve of sunset, so that the centipede can form a conditioned reflex and cultivate the regularity of eating. At the same time, it can not go against the laws of nature. on a sultry night after rain, the centipede's activity is strengthened and its appetite is good, so it can increase its food intake in a timely manner. Bad weather such as strong wind or overcast and rain should reduce the amount of feeding or even not feed. In a word, the influence of meteorological factors on centipede activity should be fully considered and fed reasonably. Third, reasonably control the breeding density and prevent centipedes from killing each other. When the living density of centipedes is too high or disturbing too much, it is easy to cause each other to kill and die. However, under the feeding conditions, with the improvement of the living environment and feeding conditions, such as providing enough fresh feed and water, it will not increase the disturbance to its life, even if the breeding density is high, it will not have much impact on its life. In particular, centipedes produced by the same mother live together since childhood, and when they grow up, dozens of centipedes can live together in harmony. Therefore, providing enough fresh feed and water to keep a quiet environment is a necessary condition for artificial breeding of centipedes. Unless it is necessary to cultivate seedlings, avoid mixing young centipedes from different ponds as far as possible. Fourth, master the law of centipede diet, scientific allocation of centipede feed wild centipede is a typical carnivorous insect, the sex is more ferocious, with its jaws that can emit poison, it can prey on all kinds of small animals that are much larger than it. The animal feeds that centipedes like to eat include: earthworms, rat women, spiders, dragonflies, soft-shelled turtles, mantis, locusts, crickets, oil gourds, mole crickets, cicadas, retrogressive insects, wasps, all kinds of fish, frogs, geckos, mutton, beef, rabbit, eggs, chicken, sparrow meat, snake meat, big-headed golden flies, caterpillars, silkworm pupae, sheep's milk, milk, etc., in the case of insufficient supply of animal feed, also eat plant feed. In order to reduce the breeding cost and expand the source of feed, Xiwang Medicinal Animal Farm paid special attention to the development and utilization of plant feed, and developed several kinds of centipede mixed feed formula. The plant feed used includes: wheat flour, rice flour, millet flour, corn meal, sorghum flour, wheat bran, rice bran, corn husk, black soybean skin, soybean cake, peanut cake, rapeseed cake (buried pit detoxification treatment), cottonseed cake (dosage should not exceed 10%, reuse after drug detoxification), locust leaf powder, soybean skin and so on. Although the centipede has a wide range of food sources, it requires fresh food and does not eat rotten food. Therefore, in artificial breeding, in order to facilitate feed management and ensure the freshness and cleanliness of the feed, do not sprinkle the feed directly on the centipede activity site or perch, so as to avoid the remaining feed mildew and lead to the spread of fungal venereal diseases. feed and drinking water should be put into a special food plate or water plate, which must be put on a regular and fixed point, and do not change the time and place arbitrarily. The plate is usually sent to the drop site before sunset in the afternoon, and the next morning it is taken out and washed for reuse. The centipede eats a lot at one time and has strong tolerance to hunger. When you are hungry, you can eat up to 1 pound of your body weight at a time. After eating, ten and a half months without food will not starve to death, but the centipede is not resistant to thirst and needs to drink water every day. Therefore, water containers must be placed in the farm and the water must be changed regularly to keep the drinking water fresh and clean. Fifth, master the law of centipede spawning and create the best incubation environment every year in late spring and early summer, which is the centipede's spawning period. The number of eggs laid by each female centipede is generally 20 eggs, mostly 40 eggs and 50 eggs, and a few less than 10 eggs. Before spawning, the centipede's belly is close to the ground, digging shallow caves by itself. When laying eggs, the centipede's body is bent into an "S" shape, and the eggs are laid in a series of eggs from the reproductive pore in a shallow hole dug by themselves. Without external disturbance, it takes 2-3 hours to lay eggs. After giving birth, then turn sideways, gather the egg support into a mass with step feet, and hold it in the "arms" to hatch. The eggs produced by centipedes are oval in shape, of different sizes, generally about 3~3.5mm in diameter, beige, translucent and elastic. The centipede incubates for a long time, which usually takes 43-50 days. In the process of egg hatching, the external morphology and internal structure are gradually changing with the development of the embryo. One month later, the larvae began to take shape in the egg, and the body length was about 1.2cm, which showed the peristaltic work of the larvae in the egg membrane. After 35-40 days, the larvae were about 1.5Cm and could not leave the mother, but could not leave the mother. After 43-45 days, the larvae were about 2.5cm in length and could leave the mother to find their own food. During the incubation period, the mother does not eat, drink or come out of the nest, so during the whole incubation period, the humidity near the centipede should be relatively stable. Too wet or too dry will affect the incubation of the centipede, and even cause the mother to eat eggs or young centipedes, affecting the hatching rate and larval survival rate. For farmers with little experience in breeding, you can put one or more pots of humid flowers and plants on the centipede pallets before making nests and laying eggs, such as hanging orchids. Every time you water the flowers and plants, the water seeps down through the flowerpots. As long as the flowers and plants always thrive, the humidity of the stacks is basically stable, so once the mother centipede finds a suitable place to nest on the stacks, you must always keep the flowers and plants thriving. Found that the leaves of flowers and plants have shrunk phenomenon, timely watering, found that there are rotten roots, indicating that the humidity is too large, we must stop watering. If a centipede is disturbed by the outside world during spawning or hatching, it will stop laying eggs and eat all the eggs that have been laid or are hatching. This is the so-called "protective" response of centipedes. After eating eggs, centipedes can lay eggs and hatch eggs again. However, the spawning period and hatching period of centipede are greatly delayed, and the spawning rate is less, and the hatching rate is not high, which affects the yield and quality of centipede. Therefore, in the artificial culture of centipedes, during the period of laying eggs and hatching eggs, the surrounding environment should be kept quiet and should not be disturbed, which is a matter that must be paid attention to in culture management.

Molting and growth the centipede is a crustacean arthropod whose body surface is covered with chitin, which limits its further growth and development. In order to get rid of the restriction of carapace on further growth and development, it is necessary to molt several times in the process of growth and development. Every time you shed your skin, you grow up obviously. Molting usually occurs in the middle of summer or after spawning. Before molting, the body color changes, movement is slow, no food is eaten, and eyesight and antennae are weakened. When molting, it is carried out one by one from front to back, and finally the tail foot is molted. The molted old skin is wrinkled and straightened into a complete centipede body. Molting takes about 2 hours to complete. Do not disturb when molting, otherwise it will prolong the molting time. Farmed centipedes are easy to be attacked by swarms of ants when they molt, so the following methods can be used to prevent them. Once ① finds ants, he can immediately put fresh bones or Youtiao into the breeding pond to trap and kill. If there are too many ants, immediately transfer the centipede, and then scald the ants in the pond with boiling water. ② mixes 25 grams of honey, 25 grams of borax, 25 grams of glycerin and 250 grams of warm water, and traps and kills them around the pond where ants often haunt. ③ scalded the culture soil with boiling water and exposed it to the sun to kill ants or ant eggs mixed in the culture soil. Seventh, shorten the hibernation time and improve the benefit of centipede culture. Centipedes are variable temperature animals, and the changes of external temperature have a great impact on their lives. In order to shorten the breeding time of centipede and create better breeding benefit, measures such as heating and heat preservation are generally adopted to prolong the growing period of centipede, shorten or even cancel the hibernation time. The commonly used methods are constant temperature culture and plastic greenhouse culture. Constant temperature culture: constant temperature culture is also known as non-hibernating culture, that is, the method of artificial temperature control is used to break the hibernation habit of centipede, so that it is in a good state of growth and development all the year round. The most critical equipment for constant temperature breeding is a greenhouse with a certain area that can be heated, controlled and well insulated. These greenhouses can be built, or they can be rebuilt using existing ordinary houses and plastic greenhouses. No matter which kind of greenhouse must comply with the following four principles: first, economical and practical; second, with mild and thermal insulation conditions; third, to maintain good ventilation; fourth, scientific and reasonable structure, easy to manage. Plastic greenhouse culture: make full use of the sun to increase the temperature in the plastic greenhouse during the day, cover the plastic greenhouse with grass grass in time in the evening to keep it warm, reduce the temperature difference between day and night as much as possible, shorten or even cancel the hibernation period of centipedes, prolong the growth time of centipedes, and improve the efficiency of centipede culture. Plastic greenhouse culture depends on sunlight, so we must pay attention to the changes of the weather: in case of rain and snow, temporary heating measures should be taken in time to avoid centipede hibernation as far as possible. If the centipede hibernates, don't wake it up easily. If the centipede hibernates repeatedly in a winter, it will cause heavy casualties. When spring comes, when the temperature rises, pay attention to timely ventilation, one is to replenish fresh air, and the other is to prevent overheating in the shed; in summer, you need to uncover the plastic sheet in time, change into sunshade cloth, or use grass to shade the sun. 8, natural enemies and disease control 1, ant control: ants are the biggest enemy of centipedes molting and hatching period, the following methods can be adopted to control ants: once ① finds ants, it can immediately put fresh bones or Youtiao into the breeding pond to trap and kill, if there are too many ants, immediately transfer the centipede, and then use boiling water to kill the ants in the breeding pond. ② mixes 25 grams of honey, 25 grams of borax, 25 grams of glycerin and 250 grams of warm water, and traps and kills them around the pond where ants often haunt. ③ scalded the culture soil with boiling water and exposed it to the sun to kill ants or ant eggs mixed in the culture soil. 2. Prevention and control of acaroid mites: if the humidity in the centipede feeding pond is too high, the centipede is easily harmed by acaroid mites when the temperature is high. After being parasitized by acaroid mites, not only the movement is inconvenient, but also the centipede can not be stimulated by the toxin produced by acaroid mites. More serious things, acaroid mites absorb a large amount of nutrients in the centipede, causing the centipede to lose weight and die. The prevention and control methods are as follows: do not add water in the ① breeding pond for a week to reduce the water content of the soil. The soil was treated with ②, and the acaroid mites were killed by hot water bubble, sun exposure and so on. ③ put fresh bones or Youtiao into the breeding pond to trap and kill acaroid mites and cleared them 2 or 3 times a day with good results. 3. Prevention and treatment of dyspepsia: at ordinary times, we should strengthen feeding management, reduce the stimulation of adverse factors, and improve the digestive capacity of the digestive tract. In the low temperature season of early spring and late autumn, the heat preservation should be done well, and the temperature in the pool should be kept at 25 ℃. If the centipede already has dyspepsia, the following two ways can be treated: ① with 1 gram of yeast tablets, dissolved in 100ml of lukewarm water, once a day until cured. ② take 20 grams of Hawthorn, 10 grams of sugar, 250grams of water, mix and boil for 20 minutes, once a day, feed until cured. 4. Prevention and treatment of gastroenteritis: the main way to prevent this disease is to strengthen management. During the period of low temperature, hang a light bulb in the pool to supplement the light, and install a 20W light bulb in every 10 square meters of the pool. Keep the feed fresh and the pool water clean, even if the sick centipede is isolated and treated. When the condition is serious, 3% formalin or 0.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution should be used for disinfection in the breeding pond. The infected centipede was treated with the following methods: take 2 penicillin tablets and 2 yeast tablets into powder, mix them evenly into 500 grams of feed and feed them once a day until they are cured. 5. Prevention and control of Beauveria bassiana: at ordinary times, strengthen management, often wash food plates and sinks, improve ventilation conditions, and control the temperature of the breeding pond. Once a centipede infected with Beauveria bassiana is found, it should be quickly caught and reared separately. At the same time, all the infected feeding soil is removed and replaced into the new feeding soil. The tiles in the pool are washed with 3% formalin solution and dried, and then put into the pool to kill the Beauveria bassiana on the tiles. Spray disinfection with 0.5% bleach solution around the breeding pond to kill Metarhizium anisopliae, ensure a clean environment, prevent the spread of spores of Metarhizium anisopliae and cause reinfection. Dissolve 0.25 grams of chloramphenicol in 150 milliliters of lukewarm water, then let the centipede suck once a day until the disease is cured. During the recovery period of the centipede, some active high-protein fodder such as Tenebrio Molitor and Tuyuan were fed at the same time to improve the immunity of the centipede.