Talking about the harm and prevention of blood-sucking leeches to human body

Since ancient times, it has been recognized by the world that leeches bite and suck blood. It is also the consensus of doctors that leeches are used as medicine to treat diseases. However, there are different views on the toxicity of medicinal leeches, which has been controversial for a long time. In order to give full play to the medicinal value of leeches, we must have an accurate understanding of their medicinal properties.

The harm and prevention of blood-sucking leeches to the human body: no matter how much hirudin secreted by blood-sucking leeches, no matter how much it is injected, it can resist blood coagulation, cause bleeding in the bite, and cause people and animals to suffer from bacterial infection. 1. Poisoning symptoms (1) Local symptoms: itching, pain, bleeding. The adsorption site is papular, which is common in the lower extremities, such as rouge fossa, nasal harmony, esophagus, anus, vagina and male urethra. When leeches are parasitic in the body cavity, they can fester and fester because of secondary infection. (2) systemic symptoms: generally not obvious. Such as multiple bites cause more bleeding, there can be dizziness, palpitations and other anemia symptoms. 2. Rescue (1) removal of leeches: after ① found that he was bitten by leeches, he should first try to remove the leeches from the human body, but do not use his hands to forcibly pull, lest the sucker of the leeches be left in the wound after being broken, instead of bleeding, and prone to secondary infection and corrosive ulcers. ② when the leech bites the injured part of the human body, the easiest way is to pat the wound with the hand to make the leech fall off itself, or rinse the bite area with irritants such as vinegar, saturated salt water, ethanol, tobacco oil, pepper water and so on. ③ when leeches bite the nose and upper respiratory tract, they should quickly go to the hospital after anesthesia and carefully remove the leeches. Or use 1% ephedrine solution to contract the inferior turbinate, or spray 1%-2% dicaine into the nasal cavity to relieve the patient's pain, and then remove it with tweezers. Throat and intratracheal bites can be gently removed with forceps under the bronchoscope. It has also been reported that leeches entering the nasal cavity are lured out with clean water. ④ when leeches are parasitic in the esophagus, oral concentrated saline can be taken to make the leeches fall into the stomach and be digested by gastric juice. If parasitic in urethra, bladder, etc., it can be rinsed with concentrated salt water. (2) Hemostasis: after the leech is removed, the common wound bleeding at the bite can be stopped by hemostatic cotton, or 2% ephedrine solution and 1% epinephrine cotton ball can be used to stop bleeding, and hemostatic agent can be used if necessary. (3) dressing: after the wound is washed with preservative, it is aseptic. (4) Prevention of tetanus: in order to prevent tetanus, 15003000 units of refined tetanus antitoxin (referred to as "refined tetanus antitoxin") can be injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly as appropriate. The dosage is the same for children and adults. If the injury is serious, the dosage can be increased by 1-2 times. After 5-6 days, if the risk of tetanus infection is not eliminated, repeated injections should be given. Be sure to do an allergy test before injection. If there is no allergic reaction, it should be injected directly under close observation. If you have an allergic reaction and still need to be injected, be sure to inject it under the guidance of your doctor. 3. In order to prevent life, people often "talk about leech color change". In fact, there are a few leeches that suck blood, and most of them do not suck blood. In order to prevent blood-sucking leeches from causing unnecessary harm to people, more prevention should be taken when moving in places where there are more bdelloids. The easiest way is not to drink unboiled water, wear high-waisted shoes and boots when passing through paddy swamps or valleys, or fasten the edges of your trousers to prevent leeches from climbing up your legs. When you must be barefoot, apply Vaseline, mosquito repellent oil or thick soapy water to your legs every 3 times every 4 hours. Case of leech injury: a 16-year-old male was hospitalized when he felt an itch on his pubic stem when he was fishing in the pond on May 30, 1977. He saw a leech penetrate into the urethra and was hospitalized. After routine disinfection, insert the catheter, rinse with o.9% sodium chloride solution, inject 50-80mi each time, total 500ml, extract. The solution is blood-colored, then inject 0.5% procaine 80ml, 15 minutes after pulling out the catheter, automatically take out the hirudin strip, intramuscular injection of vitamin K3, hematuria for 3 days to control.