Easily teach you how to build and design a chicken farm

Improved varieties, nutrition and scientific feeding and management, disease prevention and control, scientific management and animal husbandry engineering measures are the five pillars of modern chicken production, and they are an organic whole. Problems in any link will cause serious economic losses. Modern aquaculture enterprises have established a sound technical system in the first four aspects. Under the market conditions of fierce competition, enterprises or self-employed enterprises with poorer conditions can also enjoy good after-sales technical services, and related technical problems can be properly solved. However, animal husbandry engineering techniques such as chicken farm site selection and architectural design are easy to be ignored, resulting in difficult control of chicken farm environment and hidden dangers for environmental conditions and disease control, and chicken farms (houses) have large investment in fixed assets, are not easy to be rebuilt, and affect for a long time. Therefore, full attention should be paid to animal husbandry engineering measures such as chicken farm site selection, planning and design and construction of chicken houses, so as to standardize the construction of chicken farms (houses). Lay a solid foundation for long-term development in the future.

First, the site selection should first consider the local land use development plan and the village and town construction and development plan, and then should meet the requirements of environmental protection, and must not invest in the construction of sites in water resources reserves, tourist areas, nature reserves, etc., in order to avoid the waste of resources caused by demolition after completion. Only after meeting the requirements of planning and environmental protection, can we comprehensively consider the natural conditions (including topography, topography, soil quality, water sources, climatic conditions, etc.), social conditions (including water, electricity, transportation, etc.) and health and epidemic prevention conditions of the proposed site. The site should be high-lying, flat and located in residential areas and under the wind of public buildings. Areas such as valleys and depressions that are vulnerable to flooding and areas with serious environmental pollution cannot be selected. Non-cultivated land should be used as far as possible, the sunny slope should be selected for construction in hilly and mountainous areas, the slope is not more than 20 °, the soil quality conforms to the provisions of the national standard (GB15618-1995), the hydrogeological and engineering geological conditions to meet the needs of the construction project, the water source is sufficient, the access is convenient, the protection is convenient, and the electric power is sufficient and reliable, which meets the requirements of the national standard (GB52-83).

Health and epidemic prevention conditions should be given enough attention in the process of chicken farm site selection, and veterinarians' health and epidemic prevention conditions are one of the key factors for the success or failure of chicken farms. Special attention should be paid to whether there are animal husbandry and veterinary stations, livestock farms, market markets and slaughterhouses nearby, as well as the orientation relationship with the proposed farm, the quality of isolation conditions, etc., and should be kept away from the above pollution sources. Under the premise of ensuring biosafety, create convenient traffic conditions, but the distance from the traffic trunk lines and villages should be more than 1000m, and the secondary highway should be 100m 200m to meet the requirements of health and epidemic prevention.

Second, the principle of planning and layout of chicken farms is that under the conditions of health and epidemic prevention, the buildings are compact, saving land and meeting the current production needs, while comprehensively considering the possibility of expansion and reconstruction in the future.

1 the zonal chicken farm can be divided into management area, production area and isolation area. Each functional area should be clearly defined and easy to contact. Gates, disinfection pools and disinfection rooms should be set up in the management area and production area. The management area is located in the perennial leading wind and higher terrain, mainly including office facilities and production facilities in close contact with the outside world, a main gate and a disinfection pool. The production area can be divided into several communities, the distance between them is more than 300m, and there can be several chicken sheds in each district, taking into account the factors such as epidemic prevention, sewage discharge, fire prevention and the angle between the dominant wind direction and the chicken sheet. the distance between the chicken coop is 3 to 5 times the height of the chicken house. The isolation area is located in the downwind and low-lying parts of the field area, mainly including veterinary rooms, isolated chicken sheds and so on. In order to prevent mutual pollution, there should be special roads to communicate with the outside world. There are clean roads and sewage lines in the field area, which are connected to the back door, which are strictly separated and cannot be crossed or mixed.

(2) the greening of the greening farm is an important part of the planning and construction of the chicken farm, which should be combined with the distance between districts, houses and houses, shading and wind prevention. Trees and flowers that can beautify the environment and purify the air can be planted according to the local reality, but poisonous and flying catkins should not be planted.

Third, the architectural design of the chicken house the reasonable design of the chicken house can control the temperature and humidity within a suitable range, and create the necessary environmental conditions for the chickens to give full play to their genetic potential and achieve maximum economic benefits. Whether it is a closed chicken house or an open chicken house, ventilation, heat preservation and lighting design is the key, which is an important guarantee to maintain good environmental conditions of the chicken house, and can effectively reduce the cost.

1. Ventilation design ventilation is an effective means to adjust the environmental conditions of the chicken house, which can not only input fresh air and discharge harmful gases such as ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), but also adjust temperature and humidity, so we must pay attention to ventilation design in the architectural design of chicken house. The ventilation rate is determined according to the heat balance calculation or according to the harmful gas concentration control requirements. Under the condition of reasonable feeding density, the ventilation rate per kilogram body weight of laying hens is as follows. Broilers grow fast, have a strong metabolism and have a slightly larger ventilation rate. Table 1 ventilation per kg body weight of laying hens under different temperature conditions (m3 / hour) temperature (℃) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 ventilation 1.82.3 2.73.1 3.3.9 4.3 there are two ventilation modes: natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation. The design of air inlet and outlet should be reasonable to prevent the occurrence of bad microclimate such as dead corner and thief wind.

The main results are as follows: (1) Natural ventilation relies on the natural flow of air formed by natural wind (wind pressure) and temperature difference between inside and outside the house (hot pressure), so that the air inside and outside the chicken house can be exchanged. Ventilation design must be considered uniformly with process design and civil design, such as building orientation, air inlet azimuth elevation, internal equipment layout, etc., which is conducive to the implementation of daylighting and other sanitary measures while ensuring ventilation. The span of naturally ventilated chicken sheds should not be too large, with a maximum of no more than 9 meters and a suitable span of 6 to 7.5 meters. The effect of wind pressure is greater than that of hot pressure, but when there is no wind, it is still necessary to rely on the effect of temperature difference for ventilation. in order to avoid counteracting the effect of temperature difference when there is wind, an air inlet should be set below the windward side (upwind) according to the local main wind direction. the upper part of the leeward side (downwind) is provided with an exhaust port. It is advantageous to have ventilation ducts on the roof, which can be discharged when the wind force and temperature difference act separately or together, especially when the temperature difference inside and outside the house is small in summer. When designing, the air tube should be higher than the roof 60~100cm, there should be a rain cap on it, and the inner part of the air tube should not be less than 60cm. In order to facilitate adjustment, a thermal insulation adjustment board should be installed in it to facilitate opening and closing at any time.

(2) Mechanical ventilation relies on mechanical power to force the exchange of air inside and outside the chicken house. Mechanical ventilation can be divided into positive pressure ventilation and negative pressure ventilation. Positive pressure ventilation is that the ventilator forces the outside fresh air into the chicken house, so that the pressure inside the house is higher than the external pressure, so that the dirty air in the house is discharged out of the house. Negative pressure ventilation is the use of fans to force the dirty air out of the chicken house, so that the pressure inside the chicken house is slightly lower than the atmospheric pressure into a negative pressure environment, and the outside air flows into the chicken house through the air inlet. This ventilation mode has the advantages of low investment, simple management, slow air flow into the house, and the chicken body feels more comfortable. Due to the shortcomings of transverse ventilation, such as small wind speed and many dead angles, longitudinal ventilation is generally adopted. The longitudinal ventilation fans are all concentrated on the gables at the end of the chicken house sewage or on the walls on both sides near the gables. The air inlet is opened on the gable at the end of the net road or on the walls on both sides near the gable, and all the remaining doors and windows are closed, so that the air entering the chicken coop flows along the longitudinal axis of the chicken coop, and the foul air in the henhouse is discharged by the fan. The key of the longitudinal ventilation design is to produce a uniform high air flow velocity in the chicken coop and to make the air flow along the longitudinal axis of the chicken coop, so the fan should be located in the lower part of the gable. The ventilation volume should be designed according to the maximum ventilation value of the chicken house in summer, the exhaust capacity of the fan should be calculated, and the best combination of large and small fans should be installed to meet the needs of different seasons. When the exhaust air volume is equal, reducing the cross-sectional space can increase the wind speed in the house, so the triangular roof truss can be separated by hanging curtains in every three rooms to reduce the cross-section. If the length of the chicken house is too long, the uniform ventilation in the chicken house should be considered, and the air inlet can be added to the walls on both sides of the chicken house. The number of fans to be turned on is determined according to the air pollution in the house and the temperature outside the house.

two。 Temperature control design can use coal-fired hot air stove, gas hot air stove, heating, electric heating umbrella or nursery device. The biggest advantage of furnace heating is convenience and rapid heating up, while the stove is easy to pour smoke and pollute the air in the house. The advantage of the hot blast stove heating method is to heat up quickly, but the disadvantage is that the house is dry and the relative humidity is about 35%. It is difficult to improve the humidity in the house, which is not conducive to the health of the chicks. The smoke-free air pollution in the fire wall or fire way heating mode is clean, the temperature supply is balanced day and night, and the temperature difference is relatively reduced. in terms of fuel supply, it is convenient to burn coal and wood, and it is convenient to obtain fuel. No matter which kind of heating method is adopted, it is the key to ensure that the temperature in the living area of the flock is suitable and uniform, and the ground temperature should meet the prescribed requirements and be covered with dry and soft bedding. High temperature in summer leads to weight loss, feed reward reduction, low survival rate and poor economic benefits, so thermal insulation materials should be used as far as possible in the construction of chicken sheds, and necessary cooling measures should be taken. When the ambient temperature exceeds 32 ℃, increasing ventilation can not provide a comfortable and cool environment, and the only effective way is to use evaporative cooling method. The wet curtain cooling method is commonly used. The principle of wet curtain cooling is that the corrugated multi-layer fiber paper evaporates through the water, so that the air outside the house cools and lowers the temperature when it enters the chicken house through the corrugated multi-layer fiber paper gap. If the wet curtain is soaked in water from a deep well where possible, the temperature in the chicken house can be reduced by 614 ℃.

3. Lighting design is an important factor in the environment of poultry house, which not only affects the health and productivity of chickens, but also affects the sexual function of chickens. In order to get suitable light in the house, the combination of natural light and artificial light is usually used. The light is the same as the temperature, the whole henhouse should be uniform, otherwise it will cause uneven density and eventually affect the evenness of the flock.

(1) Natural lighting is to let direct or scattered light from the sun enter the henhouse through the exposed part or window of the henhouse for the purpose of lighting. The area of natural light depends on the area of the window. The larger the area of the window, the more light comes into the house. However, the daylighting area is not only contradictory to the heat preservation in winter and radiation protection in summer, but also closely related to the ventilation in summer. Therefore, various factors should be comprehensively considered to determine the daylighting area reasonably.

(2) artificial lighting can supplement the deficiency of natural lighting, and artificial lighting system can be established according to the biological requirements of animals. Electric lights are generally used as light sources. Electric lights and power control switches are installed in the house, which can be controlled according to the lighting requirements of different ages and natural lighting time of different seasons, so as to achieve the best production performance of poultry. The light intensity was 2-3W/m2 in the first two weeks of the broiler rearing period, and then 0.75 W/m2. During the broiler rearing period, the light intensity was increased to 4-5 W/m2, and the light intensity was increased to 4-5 W/m2.

The location of the chicken farm and the reasonable architectural design of the chicken house are the prerequisites for safe production and good economic benefits in the future. in the process of the architectural design of the chicken farm (house), the design should be of high standard, otherwise it will lead to the decline of environmental conditions. in particular, it will have a negative and irreversible impact on the lifelong production performance of breeder chickens, thus affecting the economic benefits. The designed animal husbandry engineering facilities should be put into use in time according to the environmental conditions in order to create the best environmental conditions, give full play to the genetic potential and achieve the best economic benefits. Otherwise, the short-term environmental conditions may affect the lifetime production performance, such as the poor environmental conditions during the breeding period, which will affect the development of chicks, which will affect the production performance in the future and ultimately affect the economic benefits.

The key to the construction and design of chicken farms must be adapted to local conditions in order to meet their own requirements.