Raising deer to strengthen the management of "three stages" to improve the reproductive capacity of female deer

The purpose of raising female deer is to hope that female deer have high fecundity, healthy physique and good offspring. Whether female deer can reproduce excellent offspring is not only related to the breed of female deer, but also closely related to feeding management. Good feeding management can make female deer give full play to its excellent production performance. According to the nutritional requirements and the characteristics of feeding and management of female deer in different periods, the feeding and management of female deer can be divided into three periods.

Survival of the fittest in mating period

After the young deer were weaned in late August, the female deer stopped lactation and entered the physical recovery stage in the early stage of mating. The mating period is from mid-September to late November. Adjust the deer herd before mating to eliminate the female deer that are infertile, have addiction, are too old or have serious diseases. According to the blood relationship, age and physical health status of the breed, the group can be divided into core group, general breeding group and first mating female deer group. The suitable number for each breeding herd is 25-30 deer.

The level of feeding and management of female deer during the mating period has an important influence on speeding up the progress of mating and improving the pregnancy rate of female deer. If the female deer is emaciated and malnourished during the mating period, it will be late in estrus or non-estrus, and will prolong the mating period, and even cause infertility. The female deer with full body and good nutrition have rapid egg growth and development, exuberant desire, obvious estrus, early and concentrated estrus, so the mating progress is fast, and the conception rate and twin rate are also higher.

During the breeding period, the diet of female deer should be based on local conditions, mainly coarse and succulent feed with large volume, supplemented by concentrate. The concentrate is mainly bean cake, corn, sorghum and so on. The daily feed volume of female deer is 1-1.2 kg concentrate, 2.5-3.5 kg coarse feed, 18 grams of salt and 15 grams of calcium hydrogen phosphate. Trace elements and vitamins should be added appropriately according to the brand description.

Adjustment of nutritional structure during pregnancy

The pregnancy period of female deer is generally 7 and a half months (225-234 days), which mainly refers to the month from December of that year to April of the following year. The fetal growth and development of female deer is relatively slow in the early and second trimester of pregnancy, but the fetal growth and development is very fast in the later stage, and the maternal uterus and mammary gland also increase. More than 80% of the fetus's weight increases in the last three months of pregnancy. In the later stage of pregnancy, the fetus should be fed a diet according to the characteristics of different stages of fetal growth and development. Especially in the later stage of pregnancy, the stomach volume of female deer gradually decreases and the digestive function weakens. The diet of female deer should choose the feed with small size, good quality and strong palatability. In the concentrate, protein feeds such as bean cakes should account for 30%-35%, while corn, sorghum and gluten should account for 50%-70%. The daily roughage intake of pregnant female deer is 2.5 kilograms and 3.0 kilograms of crushed corn straw. There are conditions to feed silage, to avoid high acidity, in order to prevent abortion.

Pregnant female deer were fed 2 or 3 times of concentrate roughage during the day, such as 2 times during the day and 1 time at night.

In the second trimester, all female deer should be examined, the herd should be adjusted, and the weak and malnourished female deer should be allocated to the corresponding herd for feeding and management.

In order to enhance the physical health of the female deer, exercise regularly for 1 hour every day, the deer house is well lit, and the livestock bed is often covered with 10 cm thick hay; the livestock house and sports ground are often cleaned and disinfected regularly to strengthen the training and domestication of pregnant female deer; pay attention to stable herds to prevent miscarriage.

Nutrition should be increased during lactation.

The female deer begins to give birth to lambs in early May and is weaned in late August. The lactation period is about 90 days. The weight gain of the young deer reached 6 kg one month after birth, with an average daily gain of about 0.5 kg. Every day, lactating deer need to absorb a large amount of protein, fat, minerals, vitamins and drinking water from feed, and convert them into milk in the body.

After giving birth, the rumen volume increased and the gastrointestinal digestibility increased. Therefore, the food intake and water demand of female deer during lactation is higher than that during pregnancy, and the quantity and quality of feed supply increase accordingly. The concentrate of lactating deer accounts for 65%-75% of the diet, which is fed 2-3 times a day, 3 times concentrate, and 1 time at night.

In autumn, female deer houses should pay special attention to keeping them clean and hygienic, so as to avoid harmful microorganisms contaminating their breasts and milk and causing diseases in their young. Breeders should regularly clean the deer house and disinfect it with drug spray.

Timely training and domestication of mother and young deer, timid, panic, explosive groups of female and young deer should not be forcibly driven, if necessary, need to be guided by docile female deer.