Key technology of abalone culture

There are many ways to cultivate abalone, including bottom sowing culture (also known as natural proliferation), raft cage culture, factory culture and tunnel culture, etc., no matter which culture method, the choice of fresh water quality is particularly important.

Natural mariculture conditions

The main results are as follows: (1) seaweed breeds and is rich in bait.

(2) the water is clear and smooth, the specific gravity of sea water is stable, and the sea area is maintained at more than 1.020 in the whole year.

(3) the bottom material is reef stone.

(4) it is suitable for the sea area with no industrial pollution, few enemy organisms, no freezing in winter and floating ice in spring.

Seedling transportation

The transportation of abalone is carried by dry transport and wet transportation, generally short-term and short-term dry transportation, while long-distance and long-distance transportation by wet transportation. Plastic plate is usually used as abalone attachment base and placed in hard containers that are washed and sterilized. The transported abalone should be temporarily cultured to improve the survival rate of transportation. Transportation of abalone should be planned and arranged carefully. Dry transport abalone density should be reasonable, do not squeeze each other, ensure high humidity, low temperature, regular water, prevent direct sunlight and rain, put in a cool and ventilated place, regularly transported to the destination. The wet transport machine and pump should ensure normal operation, sufficient seawater, sparse density, non-overlap, large water flow, small temperature difference, and timely removal of fecal sundries. If the transportation time is too long, a small amount of bait should be put in.

After transportation, abalone, waiting for support to reach its destination, must be temporarily reared for a period of time to restore its vitality before it can be pulled out and separated from culture, and the injured abalone can be used to reduce the water temperature. Ultraviolet sterilization or drug treatment.

Culture method

(1) seafloor culture: about 2 cm young abalone are placed in a culture cage, fed with 10-30% bait, closed and placed on the seafloor; the young abalone can also be placed directly in the sea area with better natural conditions (proliferation).

(2) raft culture: put the young abalone in the abalone culture cage, then fix it on the floating cage, feed regularly, remove fecal impurities and residual bait, wash the sludge and dredge the flow of water.

(3) Pond culture: in areas where conditions are available, ponds can be built on land, using running water and inflatable culture.

(4) Industrial culture: a culture method of building abalone culture room and building cooling and heating system to control water temperature.

(5) Tunnel aquaculture: intensive aquaculture (which can be called a kind of factory aquaculture) by using the natural conditions of constant temperature in the tunnel itself.

Juvenile abalone must be fed with bait, and the quality of bait is directly related to the growth rate of abalone. In general, abalone about 3 mm can not eat macroalgae, mainly rely on adherent diatoms as food, do not need bait at this time; after growing to 5-6 mm, they begin to eat delicate enteromorpha and other algae. With the growth of the individual, it changed to macroalgae.

The feeding times and quantity of natural sea area and aquaculture depend on the season, the water temperature is high in summer, the seaweed is easy to rot, the Thallus is rotten and sunk at the bottom, the ammonia nitrogen in the water increases, the dissolved oxygen decreases, it is easy to cause the deterioration of the culture environment and affect the normal activities of abalone, so at this time every 2-3 days, the amount of bait should be less, to be able to eat. Autumn is the season for the rapid growth of abalone. It is necessary to feed enough fresh bait every 4-5 days. If the water temperature is low in winter, the food intake of abalone is low, and the fresh algae will not rot when soaked in water for 7-8 days, so bait can be given every 8-10 days in winter. Note that each feeding should be carried out after the removal of bait residue and abalone excreta and the replacement of fresh sea water.

Abalone likes dried young seaweed, in the absence of fresh seaweed, dried algae can be used as bait after soaking, and the mixed effect of algae feeding is better. Undaria, goose sausage, kelp and horsetail are the preferred seaweed in the algae, and the bait effect is good and the growth rate is fast. The experimental results of Laver, which is rich in local resources, show that it is not ideal and has a great influence on the digestion of abalone.

Abalone culture can also be fed with artificial bait, it should be considered that it contains animal protein, soaking in water is easy to rot, so the time to master the bait is correspondingly shortened.