Breeding and breeding techniques of farmed toad

I. Selection of venue

The breeding site should be selected in a place with ponds and ponds, rich insect sources and warm temperatures. In general, before and after the house, waste ditch, waste pond or puddle can be used, and rice fields with convenient drainage, sufficient water source and good water conservation but lean can also be selected as breeding farms. The farm should be built with bricks 1.5 meters high, film or gauze can also be used as a wall, but also can be made of iron wire or hills to prevent toad escape. Plastic gauze should be used as sluice for rice field import to prevent tadpoles from escaping.

II. Introduction

In the case of a small number of breeding toad species mainly rely on capture. Adult toads usually leave their hibernation caves at the end of March or early April and slowly climb out of the water. Toad likes warm, dark and humid environment. It usually lives in grass and soil holes beside ditches during the day, or in dark and humid places such as bricks and stone holes behind houses, which are generally not easy to find. On rainy days or after rain, it is often easy to catch on the open space by the river or beside the pastoral path.

Spring ploughing season, in the rape field, green manure field and seedling field on the path there are also more toads, then can be caught in large quantities. The best time to catch toads is on warm, windy nights. Every evening after dark about 2 hours until the next day dawn, toads can catch toads at any time when they come out to prey on insects. At this time, toads are most abundant in the open space behind the house, especially in the middle of the night. Sometimes toads weighing dozens to hundreds of pounds can be caught in a few hours.

Catch method is, with a wide bamboo clip gently clamp toad, into bamboo basket or leave a gap in the wooden box, do not put into a plastic bag closed container, to prevent suffocation. To catch the toad at night, shine a flashlight with three batteries, and it won't run away easily. Because toad limbs are short, jumping ability is poor, generally are slow crawling, so long as found, capture is very easy, the proportion of male and female toads, generally 3 females and 1 male is appropriate. The fertilization rate can reach more than 90%. The stocking density is 1~2 pairs per square meter.

III. Feeding

Toad's food is mainly insects, small insects have armyworm, ants, aphids, mosquitoes, bugs, scarabs, weevil, small tiger, beetle, etc.; large insects such as paste, isatis leaf cicada, etc.

Artificial breeding can be used to lure insects with black light or artificial catching insects to solve their feeding problems. In addition, the propagation of algae and other plankton can also solve the staple food of toads. Pig, cattle, human feces, vegetable waste, kitchen waste water, slaughterhouse and food factory waste, fertilizer water or bran, etc. are also put into the breeding and breeding fields to cultivate water quality and promote the growth of algae and plankton. It can also be artificially caught and salvaged to satisfy its consumption.

IV. Reproduction

From the end of February to March every year, when the water temperature is 11~15℃, the toad will mate and lay eggs. The toads waking up from hibernation usually concentrate on the shore of the pond or aquatic plants and floating objects at dusk. The male will sometimes cry and sometimes move his body to look for the female, and the female will come. Toad reproduction ability is very strong, an adult toad a year can lay 3 to 5 thousand eggs.

Artificial reproduction should collect eggs in time, and put the collected eggs from the bucket into the breeding pond or paddy field breeding base as soon as possible, so as not to accumulate for too long and suffocate. Egg density, generally 500 eggs per mu, an average of 2600 eggs per zone, that is, about 1.3 million eggs per mu. Under the condition of water temperature 18~24℃, the fertilized eggs can hatch into small tadpoles after 3 days and nights. The newly hatched tadpoles are fish-like in shape, with tails and external gills.

After the tadpoles open, they can be fed with boiled egg yolk, steamed bread residue and vegetable leaves. After about a month, tadpoles can be seen to have hind limbs first, forelimb buds are covered by gill cover, but it is not obvious from the appearance observation. After the hind limbs are fully developed, forelimbs appear before the tail begins to atrophy, the inner gills of tadpoles gradually shrink, they begin to breathe with lungs, the tail gradually becomes shorter and disappears, and verrucous glands appear on the back. This is the young toad after metamorphosis. Young toads feed on small insects and feed basically the same as adults.

V. Overwintering of toad

Overwintering of toad is the key to artificial breeding of toad. Overwintering survival is directly related to the yield and benefit of breeding toad. At present, people have explored a new method of artificial outdoor wintering pond for toads.

Choose a place with long sunshine time, good wind protection conditions and no ponding, dig a pool with a side length of 135 cm square and a depth of 50 cm, and make a wooden frame with a side length of 130 cm square and a height of 70 cm (no bottom and no cover). Put the wooden frame into the pit pool, the bottom should not be too large, can let the accumulated water penetrate from the gap is appropriate.

At a height of 40 cm from the ground, a small room was built with a board 139 cm long and 50 cm wide. The bottom layer is filled with a mixture of fallen leaves, straw and soil, the middle layer is filled with fallen leaves, the upper layer is covered with straw, the lower chamber is filled with soil, and finally the top of the pool is covered with iron wires, and a thermometer and a hygrometer are inserted in the pool.

Toad in the natural environment, generally in the fields, ponds, relatively humid shelter from the wind, more adequate sunlight in the winter, such as environmental discomfort, winter mortality is very high. Artificial breeding, to do a good job of winter protection.