Diagnosis and treatment of hoof deformation in farmed dairy cows

Hoof disease is a common disease in dairy cow production, which causes claudication in light and paralysis in severe. If it is not paid attention to, it will increase the production cost and reduce the economic benefit. Clinical hoof deformation refers to the change of the shape of cow hoof. Due to the different shapes after the occurrence of hoof deformation, it can be divided into three types: long hoof, wide hoof and rolled hoof.

Pathogeny

The imbalance of ⑴ diet and the insufficient or improper supply of calcium and phosphorus in mineral feed led to the disorder of phosphorus and calcium metabolism, the imbalance of calcium and phosphorus ratio and the deformation of hoof in dairy cows.

⑵ hoof deformation disease is related to the milk yield of dairy cows. Generally, the incidence of cow with high yield per unit area is higher. The main reason is that in order to pursue milk production, farmers excessively increase the amount of concentrate feed in the feed, the roughage intake is too little, the quality is too poor, and the feed concentrate / roughage ratio is inappropriate, which makes the cow body in a state of acidosis for a long time, causing inflammation of hoof leaves and causing hoof deformation.

Improper feeding and management of ⑶. The barn is dark and wet, the playground is muddy, the feces and urine are not cleaned in time, and the cow's hooves are impregnated in fecal urine and muddy water for a long time, causing the horniness of the hoof to become soft and deformed. Production does not pay attention to hoof protection, irregular pruning, but also easy to cause hoof deformation.

The deformation of ⑷ hoof is related to the heredity of bulls. If bulls are born with deformed hooves, their offspring are also extremely vulnerable to the disease.

Symptom

⑴ long hoof: that is, elongated hoof, the two branches of the hoof exceed the length of the normal hoof branch, and the horny hoof is excessively extended forward, showing a long appearance.

⑵ wide hoof: the length and width of both sides of the hoof are longer and wider than the normal hoof, and the appearance is large and wide, so it is also called "big limb plate". The horny part of this kind of hoof is thin and the heel is low. when standing and walking, the leading edge of the hoof is not solid, turn upward slightly, and it is not suitable to return.

⑶ roll hoof: the medial or lateral branch of the hoof is rolled over. From the bottom of the hoof, the lateral edge is excessively worn, the back of the hoof has been turned into the sole of the hoof, the horniness of the fork of the hoof is thickened, the wear is not correct, and the load on the sole of the hoof is uneven, and it is often seen that the lower tarsal joint of the hindlimb tilts to the outside, showing an "X" shape. The seriously diseased cow's hind legs extend to the rear, and the sick cow bows its back and is difficult to move, showing a towed style, which is called "turning the hoof and brightening the palm, pulling the hip."

Diagnosis

According to the clinical manifestation, that is, the deformation of the hoof can be diagnosed.

Prevention and cure

Drug treatment is impossible to restore the deformed hoof to normal. Hoof repair therapy is often used in clinic, and corresponding methods are used to trim the deformed hoof according to the degree of hoof change. Therefore, the key to the prevention and treatment of the disease is to do a good job of prevention. In production, attention should be paid to strengthening the feeding and management of dairy cows and paying full attention to the supply of protein and minerals. According to the lactation status of dairy cows, rational preparation of diets, especially high-yield dairy cows should be adjusted and supplemented at any time according to their milk production. Once the hoof shape begins to change, vitamin D3 can be injected, and calcium powder is added to the diet to prevent its deterioration. The positive balance of phosphorus and calcium metabolism can be obtained when the ratio of calcium to phosphorus is 1.4 ∶ 1.

In general, cows giving birth to the first fetus are more likely to suffer from excessive milk production (more than 6000 kg), so they should not be partial to food and feed, and simply pursue high yield. If the cow arches its back and pulls the hip because of high yield, and it is a newly diagnosed cow, the milk should be stopped in advance to promote the recovery of the body.

At the same time, attention should be paid to regularly trimming the hooves of cows. In order to prevent the hooves from being soaked by feces, urine and dirt, the hooves should always be kept clean (dry brushes in winter and wet brushes in summer), the sports ground should be cleaned and kept dry in time, the hoof shape of the whole herd should be surveyed every year, and a regular hoof trimming system should be established. All deformed hooves will be trimmed once or twice a year. In order to prevent cow hoof infection, hoofing should not be carried out in the rainy season. Earnestly strengthen the breeding of the bull, where the cow hoof deformation is related to the bull, it can be considered not to use the bull breeding.