Standardized feeding and Management techniques for Beef cows

I. feeding and management of basic cows

6-12 months old: calculated according to 100 kg live weight, daily silage 5 Mel 6 kg, hay 1.5 Mel 2 kg, straw 1 Mel 2 kg, concentrate 1 Mel 1.5 kg.

12-18 months old: the diet should be based on roughage and succulent feed. In terms of dry matter, roughage accounts for 75%, concentrate accounts for 25%, and hay and straw are placed in the playground.

18-24 months old: the diet should be based on high-quality hay, grass, silage and rhizome, concentrate can be fed less or not. However, in the later period of pregnancy, due to the rapid growth of the fetus in the body, it is necessary to add concentrate, 2ml 3kg per day. In terms of dry matter, roughage accounts for 70% and concentrate for 30%.

Group management: according to the size of the herd, cattle of similar age should be raised in groups as far as possible.

Weight control: weight gain of about 600 grams should be maintained every day. The weight is not less than 280 kg at the age of 12 months and not less than 350 kg at the age of 18 months.

II. Feeding and management of pregnant cows

The first 6 months of pregnancy, general feeding, to ensure that the middle and upper-grade fat can, and the supply of sufficient green forage grass. In the last 3 months of pregnancy, the growth rate of fetus is accelerated, and the nutritional requirement should be increased.

When pregnant cows are mainly fed in houses, they should be mainly silage and silage, properly mixed with concentrate feed, up to 3 kg concentrate per pregnant cow per day, 3 times a day.

Make sure pregnant cows drink water and exercise. Prevent crashing, sprinting, drinking ice water and feeding moldy fodder. At the same time, overweight should be avoided. You need to exercise for 2 hours every day.

The cow should enter the delivery room 2 weeks before the due date. The delivery room is required to be clean, dry, quiet, the site is disinfected, and the floor is covered with clean, dry, sanitary (sun-exposed) soft bedding grass. After giving birth, cows should be fed with warm bran salt porridge, which can supplement the loss of body fluid and the recovery of physical strength, regulate acid-base balance, and warm the stomach to satisfy hunger in winter.

III. Feeding and management of lactating cows

In the later stage of pregnancy, the diet was mainly high-quality roughage, with less dry alfalfa and corn silage. Supplement the supply of minerals and salt to ensure that a certain amount of hay is fed.

The perinatal period must be carefully raised, and the concentrate can be increased gradually, but the maximum amount of feed should not exceed 1% of the body weight.

On the 1st-2nd day after delivery, you should be fed with digestible feed, supplemented with 40ml / 60g sodium sulfate, free to eat high quality forage grass, properly control the amount of salt, and do not drink cattle with cold water. On the 3rd-4th day after delivery, the concentrate feed can be increased gradually, and the daily feeding amount can be increased by 0.5 ~ 0.8 kg. After 2 weeks of delivery, the diet can be fed according to the standard, and can be gradually added to silage, alfalfa and other coarse fodder.

During lactation, we must feed high-energy feed and eat as much dry matter and concentrate as possible. If the feeding times are increased appropriately, hay and silage should be fed freely.

Feed supply should be balanced and stable throughout the year, and diets in winter and summer must be rationally matched. About 5 kilograms of hay, 15 kilograms of silage and 50 kilograms of grass.

Ensure an adequate supply of drinking water in summer, increase the proportion of concentrate, and supplement vitamin feed; increase energy feed in winter, keep the drinking water temperature at 12 ℃ 16 min, and do not drink ice water.

Fourth, cow feed formula:

Concentrate formula: corn 58%, wheat bran 14%, cottonseed meal 12%, rapeseed meal 11%, premix 5% (nutrient content: crude protein 16.03%, crude fat 2.88%, calcium 0.13%, phosphorus 0.159%); daily feed concentrate: 1-1.5 kg.

Coarse meal: calculated by 2.5% body weight, mixed by wheat straw, corn straw or corncob and silage at 1:1:4, green forage (appropriate amount of alfalfa or carrots).