Feeding and fattening techniques of farmed meat donkeys

Raising donkeys is a traditional project in our country. In the past, the purpose of raising donkeys was mainly for service use. In recent years, with the reform and opening up and the further development of market economy, meat raising donkeys and meat service donkeys have become the main contents of the donkey industry.

Raising meat donkeys is a new project for farmers' families in recent years. Due to the lack of improved meat donkey breeds, the benefit of raising donkeys was not ideal in the past. In order to improve the efficiency of meat donkey breeding, it is an important measure to select excellent donkey breeds or to use improved donkeys and local breeds for hybrid fattening. Here is a brief introduction of two large meat donkeys as follows:

Guanzhong donkey: this kind of donkey is produced in the Weihe River basin of Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi Province. Among them, Xianyang, Pingguan, Qianxian, martial arts, Liquan and other places as the central producing areas. This kind of donkey is large in size, about 130cm in height, about 250kg-290kg in weight, strong in physique, small and solid in hoof, strong in disease resistance, good in heredity and strong in persistence. The hair color of donkeys is mainly black, but the circles of the eyes, nose, mouth and lower abdomen are mostly white or grayish white. It is known as "pink nose, bright eyes and white belly", which is not only an important feature of this kind of donkey, but also a necessary condition for this kind of donkey. Guanzhong donkey is not only the representative of the breeding donkey in China, but also one of the improved donkeys in the world.

Second, Dezhou donkey: Dezhou, Huimin and Bohai coast of Shandong Province are the central producing areas of Dezhou donkey, also known as Bohai donkey. The Dezhou donkey is tall, compact, tall and above 130cm, with a weight of about 260kg. The fur color is mainly black (black donkey) and pink black. Its service performance is also good.

General principles for raising meat donkeys:

First of all, donkeys should be provided with adequate nutrients, exercise restriction and environmental hygiene. To separate trough feeding, fixed trough, regular and quantitative feeding, less frequent feeding, coarse and fine farming, eating night grass, first coarse and then fine, and provide adequate drinking water.

That is, according to age, physical condition, male and female, strength to carry out separate trough tie, fixed slot, every day is divided into morning, middle, evening, night four times feeding (for meat service). You can feed one more time in spring and summer, and one less meal in short days in autumn and winter. Roughage should be cut short and fine to achieve "three knives per inch of grass"; concentrate should be flattened or ground, or soaked, fermented, roasted, salt boiled and so on to improve digestibility and palatability. As the donkey's stomach is small, it is necessary to feed it less frequently and replenish the feed when it does not interfere with rest at night to ensure nutritional needs. At the same time, donkeys need a lot of digestive juice, should ensure the supply of adequate clean drinking water and the right amount of salt. Brush your skin every day.

Raising of young donkeys:

In addition to normal feeding and management, newborn donkeys usually begin to train to eat concentrate at the age of 15 days. Corn, barley, millet and oats can be ground into noodles and boiled into gruel with a little sugar to induce them to feed. Start daily 10g-20g, feed 80g-100g a few days later, supplement 100g-200g one month later, supplement 500g-1000g two months later, and then increase day by day. After 9 months, the concentrate 3.5kg was fed, and the concentrate 500kg was shared during the whole fattening period.

The specific fattening of donkeys can be done in the following ways:

(1) 500g each of soybeans and rice (or millet), grind with water, add 250g rice bran, mix well with appropriate amount of salt, feed the donkey foal after grazing for 7-10 days.

(2) 100g white sugar, or 150g brown sugar, dissolve in warm water, give donkey self-drink every day, drink for 10-20 days to regain fat.

(3) 250g pig oil, 1kg fresh leek, 10g salt, stir-fry and feed donkey once a day for 7-10 days.

(4) stir-fry the cottonseed in yellow or boil it in a pot until it expands and crackles. 90% gossypol can be removed and the flavor is delicious. Each donkey is fed 1kg every day for 15 days.

(5) 10mg diethylstilbestrol was given orally to donkey foals daily, and the daily gain could be increased by 12%. Implantation of diethylstilbestrol 24mg under the foal's ear 100 days before fencing could increase the daily weight gain of the grazing donkey by 15%. In addition, the addition of trace elements such as diamond, iodine, copper and selenium can improve daily gain and feed utilization rate. Adding appropriate amount of zinc in the fattening process can prevent donkey depilation and skin diseases.

Adult donkey fattening method:

Newly purchased adult donkeys can be fed with some digestible grass, wheat bran, etc., and should be fed with a small amount of regular food, 70% full. After several days of normal observation, the feeding period can be carried out. At this time, the coarse mixed feed is mainly cottonseed husk (or corn straw meal), and the mixed concentrate is mainly cottonseed kernel cake 50%, corn flour 30%, wheat bran 20%. Donkeys newly bought from other places generally do not like to eat cottonseed skins or cottonseed cakes at all. They can take the method of taming them first and eat them automatically a week later. Feed twice a day (roughage only at night), and the donkey can be fed 80% after about 2 months. According to local conditions, bean cake, peanut cake, bean curd residue, as well as cereal straw, corn straw powder, bean pod skin and so on can be used to replace the above concentrate and roughage. It is necessary to use local materials and pay attention to feeding costs. At the same time, it is necessary to provide adequate clean drinking water, restrict exercise, brush the skin, and maintain environmental hygiene to facilitate fattening.