Hatching techniques for breeding blue peacocks

The blue peacock, commonly known as Phoenix, also known as the king of birds, is a rare meat bird with rich game. Li Shizhen, the medicine saint, spoke highly of the peacock. From the Compendium of this knock, it is recorded that "the peacock can ward off evil and can cure great poison, all kinds of poison and medicine poison." Hatching is the key to the development of peacock breeding.

First, the hook characteristics of blue peacock eggs, the egg weighs 90 grams, oval, is light brown, the eggshell is thick, smooth and hard, not easy to be broken, the stomata are tightly sealed, and the relative surface area is small, which directly affects gas exchange, water evaporation, heat conduction and shell-pecking. Therefore, the conventional hatching conditions make it difficult for the chicks to break their shells.

2. Preservation and placement of breeding eggs: the preservation time of breeding eggs is closely related to temperature, and the hatching rate is higher within 5 days when the ambient temperature is below 18 ℃; on the contrary, the hatching rate is low, so it is very important to choose clean and fresh peacock breeding eggs for hatching. Laying breeding eggs horizontally during preservation and turning eggs once a day is helpful to the normal development of embryos and improve the hatching rate of peacock breeding eggs.

Third, seed egg disinfection: soak in 37 ℃ 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 3 minutes before hatching, remove sticky water, bake or dry with infrared light, and then hatch.

Fourth, temperature and humidity control. 1. Temperature: due to the special structure of the shell membrane, eggshell, stomata and inner and outer shell membrane of peacock breeding eggs, the breeding eggs are heated slowly in the early stage of hatching, and their fat content is relatively high. In addition, a large amount of physiological heat is produced in the middle and later stages, which makes it difficult to dissipate heat. So in the process of hatching, the principle of temperature application is: the pre-temperature of breeding eggs is 36 ℃-37 ℃ before hatching, and the preheating is 6-8 hours, in which: the early stage is high, the middle stage is flat, the later stage is slightly lower, and the hatching stage is slightly higher. The temperatures were 38 ℃-39 ℃ in 1-7 days, 38 ℃-38.8 ℃ in 8-19 days, 37.5 ℃-38.5 ℃ in 20-25 days, 37 ℃-37.8 ℃ in 26-28 days.

two。 Humidity: the relative humidity is controlled at 60% Mel 70% during incubation and increased to 70% Mel 75% when hatching. The principle of controlling humidity is: high at both ends and flat in the middle. The high humidity in the early stage can make the breeding eggs heated well and evenly; in the middle stage, it is flat, which is beneficial to the metabolism of embryos; in the later stage and hatching stage, the purpose of increasing humidity is to dissipate too much physiological heat and make the eggshell structure loose so that the eggs can be pecked out. However, when the humidity exceeds 75% and the ventilation is poor, the embryo can cause acidosis due to poor gas exchange, resulting in asphyxiation and death of the embryo, which is the most noteworthy. In practice, the temperature and humidity should be adjusted with cold eggs and water spraying, and the matching placement of the peaceful hatching box in the bionic vertical incubator and the influence of season and other environmental factors should also be considered.

Cold eggs and spray water. Cold eggs and spraying water are effective measures to adjust the temperature, which have a great influence on the hatching rate. The flow operation of the matching vertical and peaceful hatching device can increase the shelling rate by 10% and 15% compared with the conventional hatching method. The eggs are generally not cold in the early stage of hatching. according to the above-mentioned warming scheme, the egg temperature can reach 38.5 ℃ in the middle and later stage. Cold eggs can enhance the gas exchange of embryos and eliminate the accumulated heat in the eggs. Cold eggs 2-4 times a day, the length of time varies, according to the situation flexible control when the egg temperature dropped to 35 ℃ and then continue to hatch. At present, water spraying is considered to be the key to improve the hatching rate of peacock eggs. The function of spraying water has three points: one is to destroy the upper membrane of the shell; the second is to promote the continuous contraction and expansion of the eggshell and the shell membrane, destroy their integrity, increase permeability, accelerate water evaporation and normal weight loss of the egg, expand the volume of the air chamber and provide sufficient oxygen; third, it leads to the brittleness of the eggshell. The top membrane of peacock eggs is thick and the eggshell is hard. The former affects the evaporation of gas and water, while the latter hinders shell pecking. The existence of the membrane on the shell is beneficial to the first few days of hatching. with the continuous increase of embryo age, especially when the allantoic bag needs to absorb more oxygen and discharge a large amount of metabolites, it begins to have an adverse effect on the development of the embryo. if you want to get rid of it, you have to spray water on the eggs that are hatched to 23-28 days (early water spraying is a small benefit to the closure of the allantoic bag). Spray cold boiled water when the temperature is high; spray warm water of 35 ℃-40 ℃ when the temperature is low. Spray once a day, spray the eggs until wet, wait for cool and dry, and then continue to hatch. Under the action of repeatedly cooling eggs, spraying water and carbon dioxide in the air, the calcium carbonate in the eggshell changes into calcium bicarbonate, the eggshell changes from hard to brittle, and the chick is easy to break its shell.

Sixth, the number and angle of turning eggs. Turning eggs can promote embryonic activity. Prevent the contents from adhering to the eggshell and making it heated evenly. Peacock eggs are turned once every 8 hours during hatching. We advocate that the angle of turning the egg should be 180 degrees, which can ensure that the allantoic bag is closed at the small head on time. Turning eggs by hand or rolling, pay attention to reasonable adjustment of the upper and lower heart eggs to have uniform temperature, as long as meet the physiological development requirements of the embryo egg name stage, the hatching effect of the blue peacock will be very ideal.

Peacock hatching eight points 1. Egg selection: peacock eggs weigh about 120 grams, eggs are generally stored for no more than 2 weeks, the egg shape is normal, the size is moderate, the eggshell thickness is uniform, the color is consistent, the color is bright, the shorter the time is, the higher the hatching rate is. 2. Disinfection: fumigation is generally used to disinfect breeding eggs before hatching, that is, 15 grams of potassium permanganate per cubic meter, 30 milliliters of formalin, fumigation at the temperature of 25: 30 ℃ for 20 minutes, can kill the virus on the skin of breeding eggs, and disinfection is generally carried out in the disinfection cabinet. 3. Temperature: the hatching period of peacocks is 26-27 days, and temperature is the primary condition for hatching. According to the embryo development, the hatching temperature should be high in the early stage, flat in the middle, slightly lower in the later stage, and slightly higher in the hatching stage. The temperatures are respectively: pre-hatching eggs are preheated for 6 hours, 8 hours, 38.5 days, 38.8 days, 38.5 days, 38.8 days, 38.5 days, 38. 22-26 days (that is, out of shell) 37.5-38 ℃. 4. Humidity: humidity also plays an important role in the whole hatching process. If the humidity is too low, it will cause the embryo to stick to the shell and make it difficult to hatch; too high humidity can easily cause poor egg yolk absorption, poor physique and easy death. The appropriate humidity should be high at both ends and low in the middle, that is, the relative humidity is 60%-65% in the early stage, 55%-60% in the middle stage, and 65%-70% in the later stage. 5. Turning eggs: in order to heat the eggs evenly and make the embryo develop normally, the eggs must be turned artificially or naturally. From the second day after hatching, the eggs are usually turned once every 2-4 hours, and the angle of turning the eggs is 90 degrees. Stop turning eggs on the 22nd day. 6. Drying eggs: when the egg temperature reaches 38.8 ℃ in the middle and later stages of incubation, the eggs should be dried once a day for 18 days in order to prevent internal burning. Hang the eggs twice a day for 22 to 26 days, and the time varies according to the situation. 7. Spraying water: spraying water is one of the key measures to improve the hatching rate. Spraying water can make the eggshell crisp, the peacock's eggshell is thick and hard, so spray water once a day when hatching for 22-26 days, the water temperature is about 35 ℃, and continue to hatch after drying. Under the action of repeatedly drying eggs and spraying water, the eggshell changes from hard to crisp, which is beneficial for the chicks to break the shell. 8. According to the egg: the first time to illuminate the egg for 6 to 8 days, mainly check the fertilization of breeding eggs. The normal egg can see the black eye spot, the color inside the egg is red and with blood, the egg without sperm has no change, the yolk is complete, the egg white is transparent, and the egg without sperm should be taken out in time. According to the number of eggs should be operated according to the specific situation, mainly check the embryonic development, and detect stillborn eggs in time.

Feeding and management of peacocks during nestling period

The breeding of peacocks during the nestling period (110-90 days old) is an important period for breeding peacocks, which directly affects the growth and development, physical condition and survival rate of young peacocks, and then affects the productivity and breeding value of adult peacocks. According to several years' feeding experience, the author thinks that the main points of feeding and management of peacocks in the period of rearing include the following aspects. 1 suitable temperature 1.1 Peacock body temperature regulation function is not very perfect, the ability to adapt to the external environment is poor, therefore, in the initial stage of brooding, we must ensure the appropriate temperature. The temperature under the umbrella of 1-3-day-old chicks was 34 ℃, and the temperature of the rearing room was 26 ℃. After 4 days of age, the temperature decreased by 1 ℃ every 2 days (the temperature under the umbrella and the room decreased at the same time) until it was consistent with the ambient temperature, then it was desiccated gradually, at the beginning, the temperature was still heated during the day, and then completely removed after the peacock adapted. 1.2 heating breeding peacocks can judge whether the temperature is appropriate or not according to the behavior of the chicks, and adjust it in time. If the chicks sleep sweetly and peacefully, stretch their necks and legs, and distribute evenly, the temperature is appropriate; if they open their mouths to breathe and drink water frequently, the temperature is on the high side; if the "Haw" whines, huddles together, and does not think of drinking water, the temperature is on the low side. (2) the suitable relative humidity of the air in the nursery is 60%-65%. The peacock's rearing period (June to August) is the high-temperature and rainy season. With the change of the external environment, the humidity in the nursery is easy to be too high (more than 70%) and too low (less than 55%), both of which are disadvantageous to the chicks. If the humidity is too high, on the one hand, it is disadvantageous to absorb the remaining yolk in the abdomen of the chicks; on the other hand, it is easy to cause coccidiosis and aspergillosis in the chicks; if the humidity is too low, the chicks lose much water with breathing, eat less and have fluffy feathers, and are prone to respiratory diseases. Therefore, it should be adjusted in time according to the situation of the thermometer in the nursery room. (3) sufficient light can improve the metabolism and appetite of the body. Help digestion, improve the vitality of chicks, promote calcium and phosphorus metabolism in chicks. Accelerate the activity of enzymes in the body, as well as sterilization and disinfection. After the young peacock is the same age, if the weather is sunny, windless and sunny, put the chicks outside to bask in the sun, especially in the rainy season. (4) the full-price palatability of feed nutrition is strong 4.1 the digestive tract of the chicks is short, the stomach volume is small, the digestive function is poor, each feeding is small, and the food storage is limited. Therefore, the feed is required to be digestible and nutritionally priced. In addition, peacocks prey on small insects and amphibians in the wild. Therefore, under the condition of artificial culture, a certain number of animal feed should be added, such as yellow powder insect, minced meat and so on. (5) the young peacocks for disease prevention and treatment are small and delicate, weak in vitality and poor in disease resistance. Therefore, during the rearing period, we should do a good job in the cleanliness and hygiene of the rearing room, disinfect it regularly, and do a good job in the prevention of the following common diseases. 5.1 at the age of 1 day, chickens with Marek's disease were sprayed with bivalent oil adjuvant inactivated vaccine or injected subcutaneously with 0.2 ml of each neck. 5.2 Poultry white meat disease at the age of 2-3 days, drink for 10 days with 0.01% dysentery aqueous solution (0.1 grams of dysentery 1 tablet in 1 liter of water). 5.3. chickens with Newcastle disease were inoculated with Newcastle disease Ⅱ vaccine intranasally at the age of 14-15 days, and twice as much as drinking water at the age of 60 days. 5.4 Fowlpox at the age of 25 days, the quail attenuated fowlpox vaccine was injected into the skin without blood vessels on the inside of the wing. At the age of 120 days, the vaccine was injected twice with 100 times vaccine, and then inoculated every six months. 5.5 Enteritis uses 0.01% potassium permanganate water for chicks to drink one day a week.