The culture method of Penaeus vannamei, fully master the technology of culture Penaeus vannamei

Site: sufficient water source, good water quality, distribution motor and oxygen-increasing machinery. Preparation: first remove silt from the whole pond and then disinfect and sterilize, set up a filter at the inlet, and cultivate bait organisms in the pond. Shrimp seedlings: select improved varieties of shrimp seedlings, test the seedlings before stocking, 40,000 to 60,000 per mu is appropriate. Feeding: the food requirements were slightly different in different growth stages. Water quality: adjust ph value, pay attention to pond dissolved oxygen, do a good job in water quality measurement. Disease prevention: actively prevent common shrimp diseases. Harvest: if it reaches 120 / kg, it can be caught.

At present, the market demand for Penaeus vannamei is increasing, and Penaeus vannamei is also a kind of aquaculture project preferred by aquaculture farmers in recent years, because Penaeus vannamei has wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, rapid growth, low requirement for feed protein content, high meat yield and long survival time out of water. Although there are many advantages, it is still necessary to fully master its culture technology. In order to bring higher output and income.

I. basic conditions

1. Site requirements. It is appropriate to choose places with sufficient water sources, good water quality, convenient drainage and irrigation, convenient transportation, mature electric power and no pollution sources within 3-5 km.

2. Pond requirements. Shrimp pond area in 5-10 mu, is rectangular, east-west direction, water depth of about 2 meters, the bottom should be flat, the width of the pond embankment is not less than 2 meters, and drains are set at both ends of the pond.

3. Mechanical matching. Aquaculture ponds must be equipped with generators and oxygen-boosting machinery, and the power requirements of aerators per mu of ponds are generally about 1 kilowatt, that is, each pond should be equipped with 1.5 kilowatts or 3 kilowatts of aerators. The matching aerator should be a combination of impeller type, water wheel type or oxygen enrichment at the bottom of nanotubes.

II. Preparation in advance

1. Dredging the whole pond. In winter, it is necessary to remove weeds and excessive silt from the bottom of the pond, trim the pond, expose the bottom of the pond, and dry and crack the bottom of the pond.

2. Disinfection and sterilization. About a month before seedling release, 100-150 kg per mu of quicklime or 15-20 kg of bleach or 50 kg of tea seed cake should be used for pond cleaning and disinfection to kill germs, fish eggs and so on. Quicklime is the best medicine for clearing pond.

3. The shrimp pond is flooded. The water can enter the water after the medicine of clearing pond disappears and about 10 days before stocking. However, before entering the shrimp pond, it is necessary to observe whether filamentous algae are produced in the pond, if so, the pond advanced water is about 10 cm, and then sprinkle with clear moss net in the whole pond to kill filamentous algae. Better fertilizer and water effect can be achieved after this treatment. When entering the water, we must also do a good job: set up a filter at the inlet, which is suitable to use 60 mesh nylon mesh cloth or nylon sieve silk to make a straight tube mesh, with a net length of more than 2 meters, depending on the caliber of the inlet pump. Grasp the scale of water intake. The first water intake is 40-50 cm, which is beneficial to fertilizing and cultivating food organisms, and then gradually raise the water level to about 80-100 cm when stocking.

4. Cultivate bait organisms. Cultivating breeding bait organisms (basic bait) in shrimp ponds is an effective measure to solve the palatable bait of shrimp seedlings after entering the pond and to accelerate the growth of prawns. It is one of the effective ways to make full use of the natural productivity of shrimp ponds and to reduce the cost of shrimp culture. Therefore, we must pay attention to it, because the basic food organisms have the advantages of fast reproduction, simple and feasible culture methods and obvious nutritional effect. Therefore, it has become an indispensable production link in the breeding process. The practice shows that if the basic feed is rich, the shrimp seedlings will survive high and grow fast after entering the pond. The method of fertilizing water in shrimp ponds is as follows:

Fertilizer and water with organic fertilizer: the organic fertilizer used must be fully fermented, and the amount used depends on the environmental conditions at the bottom of the pond, generally about 25 kg per mu, and the specific amount depends on the degree of fat and thinness of the pond. but it is best to mix and disinfect and disinfect with lime before use to avoid insect pests. Carbon ammonia, phosphate fertilizer and water: the dosage is about 20 kg, and the ratio of carbon ammonia to phosphate fertilizer is 3:1. Compound organic fertilizer water: such as special organic fertilizer for Penaeus vannamei, the dosage is 20-40 kg per mu, combined with compound fertilizer, the effect will be better and faster. Other varieties: such as some biological fertilizers and active water fertilizers sold on the market. Explanation: generally speaking, the effect of organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and biological fertilizer is the best. The specific dosage should be determined according to the basic condition of the pond, the degree of fat and thinness and the water quality of the source. After general fat water, the water color is yellow-green water or tea-brown, with a transparency of 30-40 cm.

III. Shrimp fry restocking

1. Shrimp seedling selection. Improved and healthy shrimp seedlings: choose the seedlings of the first generation or the second generation, and do not choose the seedlings with degraded quality, especially SPF seedlings. In the process of raising seedlings, there has never been any disease or stress reaction, that is, the phenomenon of dead seedlings has never appeared. and the selected shrimp seedlings require healthy shrimp seedlings with good vitality, strong physique, complete appendages, clean body surface and appendages, normal shape, neat specifications, and full and clear gastrointestinal tract. Specification: generally choose shrimp seedlings of about 1 centimeter in size. Salinity: the requirement is less than 3 ‰, and it is basically close to the stocking pond.

2. Test seedlings. The seedlings must be tested before stocking. First put the culture pond water into the test seedling basin, and then filter the selected desalination seedlings and put them into them. After observation for more than 12 hours, if there is no phenomenon of dead seedlings, the seedlings can be released; if there is a phenomenon of dead seedlings, we should find out the reasons from the salinity, ph, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other aspects of the pond water.

3. Stocking time. The best water temperature is above 23 ℃, and the suitable time for seedling release is from early May to early June.

4. Stocking density. Generally, it is appropriate to put 40,000 to 60,000 tails per mu. Seedling release should be carried out in the morning or evening on a clear day, not in the sun at noon or on rainy days.

5. Water quality requirements. Water color: yellowish green or tea brown is better; transparency: about 30-40 cm; ph, 7.8-9; salinity: the salinity of the pond should be basically close to the salinity of the seedling pond; water temperature: the temperature difference can not exceed 2 ℃, if the gap is large, try to adjust. Generally, when the shrimp seedlings are transported to the shrimp pond, the seedling bag should be put into the shrimp pond for 10-15 minutes, and then the shrimp seedling bag should be opened and put into the pond after the water temperature is balanced, which is helpful to improve the survival rate of shrimp seedlings.

IV. Feeding technology

1. Feed selection. Choose pollution-free feed for Penaeus vannamei.

2. Feed requirements. The food requirements of Penaeus vannamei are slightly different in different growth stages. Generally speaking, the amount of protein and unsaturated fatty acids in the feed should be more than 38% when the juvenile shrimp is less than 6 cm, and the protein and unsaturated fatty acids can be reduced correspondingly in the middle shrimp stage of 10 cm. The protein content can be between 36% and 38%; when the adult shrimp is more than 10 cm, the general protein content is 32-36%.

3. Control of feeding amount. The amount of bait should be determined according to the weather, survival rate, pond volume, residual bait and other specific conditions. Shrimp fry can be fed with open feed or crushed feed for less than half a month in human pond; young shrimp: feed No. 1, the protein content is more than 38%, and the eating time should be controlled at 2ml for 3 hours; during the shrimp period, when feeding No. 2 feed, the protein content can be between 36ml and 38%, and the eating time should be controlled at 1ml for 2 hours. Adult shrimp period: feed No. 3 feed, the protein content is 3232%, and the eating time should be controlled at about 1 hour.

4. Baiting skills. Insist on throwing frequently and feeding less, and the number of baits per day is generally not less than 2 times. If the bait is divided into two times, the feeding time is: 8am and 6pm; when the water temperature is below 15 ℃ or above 32 ℃, feed less or stop feeding; when the wind and the sun are warm, feed less or stop feeding when the thunderstorm, storm and cold spell attack (cooling more than 5 ℃); feed less on the day when a large number of shrimp molt, and feed more after 1 day; feed more when the water quality is good, but less or stop feeding when the water quality gets worse.

V. Water quality management

The quality of the water environment in shrimp ponds has a direct impact on the growth and survival of Penaeus vannamei. If the water quality can be effectively managed and the living environment of shrimp is good, the shrimp will have a healthy physique and grow rapidly. The pollutants in the water environment exceed the tolerance of prawns, and light ones can cause poor growth and chronic poisoning, as well as decreased physiological function, induced diseases, abnormal activity behavior, poisoning death and so on. Therefore, water quality management plays a very important role in shrimp culture. the quality of water quality is affected by water source, climate, organisms in water, residual bait and biological excrement. Sometimes these effects are not only a single effect, but also a comprehensive interaction, so we must pay attention to control each factor to make the water quality stable and good, and promote the healthy growth of prawns. Do a good job:

1. Control the water color: the ideal water color for Penaeus vannamei culture is yellowish green or tea brown. In the early stage of culture, the transparency was controlled between 30cm and 40cm, and about 30cm in the middle and later stage. According to the fat and thin water quality, new water should be injected every 10 days, it is best to use microbial preparation every 10 seconds and 15 days to improve water quality, reduce the content of organic organisms, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and oxygen consumption of organic matter.

2. Adjust the ph value: the most suitable PH value of Penaeus vannamei is 7.88.6, and the lower value should be adjusted with quicklime, which should not exceed 9.0.

3. Improve the bottom quality: with the growth of shrimp and the increase of feed, especially in the middle and later stage of Penaeus vannamei culture, the bottom environment is relatively poor, so the bottom quality needs to be improved. If the water quality is too strong or too clear, the bottom environment is often poor, it is necessary to put some sediment improvers to improve the bottom environment in order to reduce the adverse effects on Penaeus vannamei.

4. Pay attention to the dissolved oxygen in the pond: in the process of culture of Penaeus vannamei, with the growth of shrimp, the demand for dissolved oxygen in water is increasing, so the aerator is opened according to the water quality in the early stage of culture. In the future, with the growth of shrimp, the start-up time should be gradually extended to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the pond is more than 5 mg / L and the dissolved oxygen in the bottom of the pond is more than 3 mg / L. If necessary, the bottom oxygenator should be put in to increase the dissolved oxygen in the whole pond water body.

5. start the aerator at the right time: start the aerator within one month, usually in cloudy and rainy days and when adding water for 2-3 hours, which can better cultivate good water quality; one month later, turn on 2-4 hours at noon and night on a sunny day, with the growth of shrimp, gradually extend the start-up time. Rainy days, poor water quality and other weather should extend the start-up time or 24 hours, which is conducive to maintain a stable and good water quality and prevent the floating head of Penaeus vannamei from hypoxia.

6. do a good job in the determination of water quality: the main indicators are ph, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and transparency. Once there is a problem with a certain index, effective measures should be taken in a timely manner.

VI. Disease prevention techniques

The occurrence of the disease of Penaeus vannamei is very complicated. on the basis of desilting and disinfecting the pond, stocking healthy shrimp seedlings and feeding high quality feed reasonably, the following measures should be taken at the same time.

1. Enhance the ability of anti-stress. The pond sprinkled "stress king" and added multi-dimensional and "Jianli element" to the feed to enhance the anti-stress and disease resistance of Penaeus vannamei.

2. Solve the shortage of dissolved oxygen in the pond. Start the aerator and put in the oxygenator to increase the dissolved oxygen in the upper and lower water bodies and prevent the phenomenon of floating head or dark floating head of Penaeus vannamei.

3. Improve the environmental conditions of the pond. Biological agents and sediment modifiers are used to improve the water quality and bottom environment of the pond and to maintain the balance between algae phase and bacteria phase.

4. Carry out water quality tests regularly to keep the water quality in good condition.

5. Drug prophylaxis. Water body disinfection generally uses dibromohydantoin, chlorine dioxide, povidone iodine, etc.; internal medication generally uses anti-stress drugs, such as shrimp with multi-dimensional, sprinkled vitamin C, immune polysaccharides and other drugs.

6. when diseased and dead shrimp are found, they should be fished out in time, immediately check the cause and cause of death, and prescribe the right medicine, or take other effective measures.

VII. Harvest

1. Make preparations. After 90 days of breeding, the fish can be caught if the specification reaches about 120 / kg. All preparations for shrimp harvesting should be done in advance before starting fishing. Do a good job in market research, find out the market situation of shrimp sales, contact the sales channels, and find out the recent weather conditions and temperature changes from the local meteorological department; seriously and comprehensively inspect the growth status of shrimp in shrimp ponds and the load capacity of organisms in culture water; prepare shrimp collection tools.

2. Fishing. The fishing methods of Penaeus vannamei include trapping in ground cages, trapping with traps and starting fishing in dry ponds, but it should be noted that when Penaeus vannamei meets the commodity specifications, shrimp should be caught in batches in time to keep the large and small; before the typhoon comes, it is best to carry out a round catch according to the size of the shrimp to reduce the shrimp carrying capacity in the pond; when the cold wave strikes and the temperature suddenly drops (more than 8 ℃), you can't catch shrimp. When the water quality suddenly deteriorates or the shrimp appears abnormal, it is necessary to catch shrimp as soon as possible.